Myths of Babylonia and Assyria, Index: H-L

INDEX H - L

Hadad, Ramman as, 57 , 261 , 411 .

Haddon, Dr., Achn racial affinities, 377 .

Hades, Ishtar receives water of life in, 44 ; Tammuz spends winter in, 53 , 98 ; Indian "land of fathers", 56 ; land of no return, 58 ; descent of Ishtar to, 95 et seq.; "Island of the Blessed", 180 et seq.; Babylonian conception of, 203 ; the Celtic, 203 ; the Greek, Germanic, Indian, and Egyptian, 204 ; the grave as, 206 ; the Japanese, 206 ; the Roman, 207 ; Babylonian king and queen of. See Nergaland Eresh-ki-gal.

Hags, of storm, marsh and mountain as primitive goddesses: the Scottish, 64 , 87 ; the Babylonian, 68 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 185 ; the Germanic, 72 , 73 , 95 . See Annie, Annis, Beowulf, Mothers, and Tiamat.

Hair, evidence from early graves and sculptures, 4 , 9 , 10 .

Hamath, Hittite city of, 395 ; Israel overcomes, 449 ; Ilu-bi-di, the smith king of, 457 , 458 .

Hamites, Biblical reference to, 276 .

Hammurabi (hmri), Dagan as creator of, 31 ; Sin-muballit father of, 133 ; pantheon of, 134 , 254 ; the Biblical Amraphel, 131 , 246 , 247 ; "Khammurabi" and "Ammurapi" forms of, 247 , 248 ; Rim Sin, the Elamite, and, 249 ; character of, 249 -255 ; god Nebo ignored by, 303 ; legal code of, 2 , 222 , 223 et seq.

Hammurabi Dynasty, the, Amorites and, 217 , 218 ; early Amorite kings of Sippar, 241 , 242 ; schools and correspondence during, 252 ; Kassites first appear during, 255 ; Sealand Dynasty in, 257 ; late kings of, 257 , 258 ; Hittite raid at close of, 258 -260 ; Assyria during, 279 , 419 ; astronomy in, 300 .

Hanuman (hănu-m), the Indian monkey god, Bhima and, 187 ; like Gilgamesh, 188 , 189 .

Hapi (hi), Nile god, a bi-sexual deity, 161 .

Haran, Abraham's migration from Ur to, 131 , 245 ; Ashur and Sin worshipped at, 353 ; Nabonidus's temple to Sin at, 494 .

Harper, Professor, 321 .

Harvest deities, fish forms of, 29 , 32 ; river and ocean gods as, 33 ; the pre-Hellenic, 84 ; the Egyptian, 85 .

Harvest moon, the, crops ripened by, 52 .

Hathor (hhor), the fish goddess and, 29 ; Ishtar and, 57 , 99 .

Hathor-Sekhet, the destroyer, 157 , 197 .

Hatshepsut (hat-shepsoot), Queen of Egypt, 16 ; Sumerian queen earlier than, 115 .

Hatti (hti), dominant tribe of Hittites, 246 ; of Armenoid race, 262 ; as Great Father worshippers, 260 ; Mitannians and, 269 .

Hattusil I (hat-toosil), King of Hittites, 283 .

Hattusil II, Hittite king, Egyptian treaty, 366 ; influence of in Babylonia, 364 , 368 ; marriage treaty with Amorite king, 418 .

Hawes, Mr., on Cretan chronology, xxv ; Cretan racial types, 8 .

Hawk, demons enter the, 71 .

Hazael (hazā-el), King of Damascus, 410 ; Shalmaneser III defeats, 411 ; Israel oppressed by, 412 .

Heaven, Queen of, Hebrews offer cakes to, 106 ; women prominent in worship of, 106 , 107 .

Hebrews, in Canaan, 379 ; Philistines as overlords of, 379 , 380 , 386 , 387 ; as allies of Egypt and Tyre, 388 ; under David and Solomon, 388 , 389 ; Pharaoh Sheshonk plunders, 391 ; kingdoms of Judah and Israel, 401 et seq.; in late Assyrian period, 448 et seq. See Israeland Judah.

Heimdal (hīmdal), as patriarch and world guardian, 93 ; Tammuz and Agni like, 94 ; Nin-Girsu of Lagash like, 116 .

Hercules, Gilgamesh and, 41 , 164 , 172 ; as dragon slayer, 152 ; eagle as soul of, 170 , 349 ; burning of, 171 ; of Cilicia and deities that link with, 261 ; Merodach and, 316 ; Ashur and, 336 ; astral arrow of, 337 ; Melkarth and, 348 .

Hermes (hermēz), Nebo as, 303 .

Hermod (hermod), the Germanic Patriarch, 93 ; Gilgamesh and, 184 .

Herodotus, on Babylonian harvests, 21 , 22 ; on Babylonian burial customs, 214 ; description of Babylon, 219 et seq.; on Babylonian marriage market, 224 , 225 ; on doctors and folk cures, 231 , 232 ; on origin of Nineveh, 277 ; on Egyptian Totemism, 293 , 432 ; on pre-Hellenic beliefs, 317 ; on Semiramis legend, 425 ; on fall of Assyria, 488 .

Heth, children of, Hittites as, 246 .

Hezekiah (hez-e-kīah), 21 , 340 ; Merodach-Balad conspiracy, 465 ; destruction of Assyrian army, 466 , 467 ; Esarhaddon and, 471 , 472 .

Hierapolis, Atargatis goddess of, 267 .

"High Heads", symbols and "world spine", 332 ; Anshar, Anu, Enlil, Ea, Merodach, Nergal, and Shamash as, 334 .

Hindus, Mediterranean race represented among, 8 .

Hipparchus, the Greek astronomer, discoveries of, 320 , 321 .

Hiram, King of Tyre, as Solomon's ally, 388 , 389 .

Hit, the bitumen wells of, 25 .

Hittites, the father worshippers among, xxx , 420 ; racial types in confederacy of, 11 , 12 , 246 , 265 , 266 ; double-headed eagle of, 168 ; in ethnics of Jerusalem, 246 ; Hebrews, dealings with, 246 , 266 , 267 ; earliest references to in Egypt and Babylonia, 258 , 259 , 264 ; prehistoric culture of, 263 ; thunder god of and linking deities, 261 , 268 ; Merodach carried off by, 261 ; fusion of god and goddess cults by, 267 , 268 ; relations with Mitannians and Kassites, 270 -272 , 282 , 358 ; Subbi-luliuma, the conqueror, 283 ; conquest of Mitanni, 284 ; Babylonian culture passed to Greece by, 306 , 316 ; the winged disk of, 347 , 348 ; Ashur cult and, 355 ; Syria after expansion of, 363 ; King Mursil, 364 ; influence of in Egypt and Babylonia, 364 ; wars of Seti I and Rameses II against, 364 , 365 ; alliance with Egypt, 366 ; early struggle with Assyria, 367 , 368 ; Muski as overlords of, 380 ; Nebuchadrezzar I defeats, 381 ; late period of Empire of, 386 ; city-states of Hamath and Carchemish, 395 ; Shalmaneser III and, 414 ; "mother right among", 418 ; connection of with Urartu, 440 n.; combination against Sargon II, 459 , 460 ; Biblical reference to Tabal and Meshech, 464 .

Horse, sea god as a, 33 ; demons enter the, 71 ; domesticated in Turkestan, 271 ; introduction of to Babylonia and Egypt, 270 , 271 ; sacrificed by Aryo-Indian and Buriats, 271 , 309 ; constellation of, 309 .

Horus (horus), god of Egypt, creative tears of, 45 ; as the sun, Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars, 300 , 304 ; the "elder" and "younger", 302 ; as the "opener", 304 ; "world soul" conception and, 304 ; has many forms like Tammuz, 305 ; Ninip and, 316 ; "winged disk" of, 336 ; the eagle and, 343 .

Hoshea (ho-shea), King of Israel, 453 , 454 .

Host of heaven, 305 .

Hotherus (hotherus), Gilgamesh and, 184 , 185 .

"House of Clay", the grave called, 56 ; 206 -208 .

Hraesvelgur (hrāsvel-gur), Icelandic wind demon, 72 .

Human sacrifices, the May Day, 50 . "Husband of his mother", xxxii ; in Sumerian, Indian, and Egyptian mythologies, 106 , 304 , 305 ; Kingu becomes lover of Tiamat, 106 ; sun as offspring and spouse of the moon, 301 ; Adad-nirari IV as, 420 . See Father and son conflict.

Hydra, as Dragon, 152 .

Hyksos (hiksos), Egypt invaded by, 259 ; Mitannians and, 270 ; horse introduced into Egypt by, 271 ; theories regarding, 271 ; trading relations of with Crete and Persia, 273 ; period of expulsion of, 275 .

Iberians, the, Sumerians and Egyptians congeners of, 9 ; goddesses of, 105 ; folk tales of, 156 .

Ibis, demons enter the, 71 .

Iceland, wind hag of, 73 ; Barleycorn a god of, 170 n.

Idols, spirit of god or demon in, 61 ; gods of taken prisoners, 62 .

Idun (eedoon),Germanic goddess, lovers of, 102 .

Igigi (igig-i), spirits of heaven, 34 , 149 .

Ilu-bidi, smith king of Hamath, 457 , 458 .

Immortality, quest of Gilgamesh, 177 ; Song of the Sea Lady, 178 , 179 ; Lay of the Harper, 179 ; Pir-napishtim and Gilgamesh, 181 et seq.; Ea-bani's revelation, 183 -184 ; no Babylonian Paradise, 203 , 210 , 211 ; Brahmans ask Alexander the Great for, 208 ; Egyptian Ra and Osirian doctrines, 209 .

India, Sumerian myths in, xxvi , xxvii ; Mediterranean race in, 7 ; Brahma-Vishnu and Ea, 27 ; Babylonian flood myth in, 27 , 28 , 196 ; demons of and the Babylonian, 34 ; mother ghost in, 69 ; Garuda eagle and Sumerian Zu bird, 74 , 75 , 165 -169 , 330 ; wedding bracelet of and Ishtar's, 98 , 98 n.; eternal "mothers" and "dying gods" in, 101 ; Ribhus the "elves" of, 105 ; fairies of, 294 ; Gilgamesh myth in, 187 -189 ; Babylonian culture in, 199 , 200 , 313 ; face paint of gods in, 211 ; jungle-dwellers' conception of "Self Power", 291 , 304 ; star myths of, 296 ; early astronomers of, 300 ; lunar zodiac of, 309 ; constellations identified before planets in, 318 ; horse sacrifice in, 309 ; sun and moon marriages in, 306 ; doctrine of World's Ages in, 310 et seq.; "finger counting" at prayer in, 311 n.; deities connected with goat in, 333 ; "man in the eye" belief, 335 , 336 ; cult of "late invaders" of, 338 ; fire cult in, 346 ; Solomon's trade with, 389 , 390 ; Jehoshaphat's fleet, 408 ; swans as love messengers in, 429 .

"Indo-Europeans", Mitannians as, 269 , 270 .

Indra (indră), god of India, a world artisan like Ea and Ptah, 30 ; Anu's messengers like Maruts of, 34 ; Enlil and, 35 ; Ramman, Hadad, Thor, &c., and, 57 , 261 , 340 ; in Garuda myth, 74 , 75 ; dies annually like Tammuz, 101 ; various forms of, 101 ; as slayer of father, 158 , 302 ; eagle as, 169 ; Paradise of like Odin's, 209 ; thunder horn of, 238 .

Insects, gods as, 296 .

Inspiration, derived from sacred juice, 45 ; from drinking blood, 48 ; from incense and breath of Apis bull, 49 . Inundation, the Babylonian, 24 . Inverness, the "sleeper" and fairy mound of, 164 .

Ionians, deported from Cilicia to Nineveh, 464 .

Iranian sun god, Sumerians and, 55 , 56 .

Ireland, the corn god and river goddess of, 33 , 238 ; spitting customs in, 47 ; "calling back" of souls in, 70 , 70 n.; Anu a wind hag, 73 ; Tammuz-Diarmid myth in, 85 , 87 ; Angus, the love god of, 90 , 238 , 428 n.; the eternal goddess of, 101 , 102 , 268 ; the "morch" (worm) of, 151 ; flood legend of, 196 ; the Hades of, 203 ; pig as devil in, 293 ; doctrine of world's ages in, 310 et seq.; origin of culture of, 315 , 316 ; giant gods of, 317 ; pigeon lore in, 431 .

Iron, in northern Mesopotamia, 25 ; used in folk cures, 236 .

Irrigation, in early Sumeria, 23 , 39 .

Isaac, forbids Jacob to marry a Hittite, 266 .

Isaiah, 2 ,; doom of Babylonia, 113 , 499 ; "Worm" of, the dragon, 151 ; use of Babylonian symbolism by, 331 , 341 ; "satyrs" referred to by, 333 ; on Assyria the Destroyer, 340 ; on Tophet, 350 ; reference to Jerusalem's water supply, 451 ; warns Ahaz, 459 ; destruction of Sennacherib's army, 466 ; tradition of murder of, 474 .

Ishbi-Urra (ishbi-oorra), King of Isin, 132 .

Ishtar (ishtar), Isis cult and, xxxi ; hymn to, 18 -20 ; Beltu and, 36 ; water of life given to, 44 ; as earth goddess, 53 ; identical with Hathor, 57 ; in demon war, 76 ; as "Queen of Heaven", 81 , 106 , 107 ; lamentation of for Tammuz, 86 , 88 , 98 ; in Sargon of Akkad myth, 91 ; descent of to Hades poem, 95 et seq.; magical ornaments of, 96 ; punishment of, 96 , 97 ; rescue of, 98 ; Belit-sheri associated with, 98 ; as love goddess, 99 ; temple women of, 99 , 106 , 107 ; absorbs other goddesses, 100 , 117 , 277 , 496 ; as daughter of Ann and Nannar, 100 ; as mother of Tammuz, 100 ; the lovers of, 103 , 126 , 174 -176 ; like Tiamat, 106 ; under Isin Dynasty, 132 ; links with Indian and Egyptian goddesses, 157 ; Damkina and, 160 ; as a bi-sexual deity, 161 ; in Etana legend, 166 ; in Gilgamesh legend, 172 -177 ; in flood legend, 193 , 194 ; Frey's bride and, 204 ; threat to raise dead, 213 ; fish goddesses and, 117 , 277 ; Nineveh image of sent to Egypt, 280 ; star of, 295 ; changes star forms with Merodach, 299 ; month of, 305 ; wheel symbol of, 347 ; Nineveh temple of destroyed, 363 ; worshipped by Nebuchadrezzar I, 382 ; cult of in Assyria, 420 ; Semiramis and, 425 ; as a Fate, 433 ; moon god and, 436 ; Creatrix and, 437 ; worshipped by Sargon II, 463 ; worshipped by Esarhaddon, 471 ; Persian goddess and, 496 .

Ishtarate (ish-tar-e), "Ishtars", goddesses in general called, too.

Isin, Dynasty of, 131 ; early kings of, 132 et seq.; last kings of, 133 ; sun worship and, 240 ; Dynasty of Pashe, 380 .

Isis (īsis), goddess of Egypt, Ishtar cult and, xxxi ; fish goddess and, 29 ; as Nile goddess, 33 ; creative tears of, 45 ; mourning of for Osiris, 83 , 99 ; as daughter, wife, sister, and mother of Osiris, 99 ; as corn goddess, 90 ; as serpent goddess, 150 ; as bi-sexual deity, 161 ; male form of, 299 ; the star of, 296 , 300 ; address of to different forms of Osiris, 297 .

"Island of the Blessed", in Gilgamesh epic, 180 et seq.; the Greek and Celtic, 203 .

Israel, first Egyptian reference to, 379 ; subject to Damascus, 396 ; separation of from Judah, 401 et seq.; Abijah's victory over, 402 , 403 ; first conflict with Assyria, 407 ; tribute to Shalmaneser III, 411 , 412 ; Assyria as "saviour" of, 414 , 438 , 439 ; goddess cult in, 421 ; Aramns and mother worship in, 434 ; war with Judah, 448 ; Tiglath-pileser harries, 453 ; the lost ten tribes, 455 , 456 .

"Jack and Jill", the Sumerian lunar, 53 .

"Jack with a Lantern", the Babylonian, 66 .

Jacob, personal ornaments as charms to, 211 ; marriage of, 266 .

Jah, the Hebrew, Ea as, 31 ; Dagon as, 31 ; as dragon slayer, 157 ; monotheism, 160 .

Japan, the Hades of, 206 .

Jastrow, Professor, on Ea, 29 , 30 , 435 ; on culture and racial fusion, 42 ; on fire and water ceremonies, 51 ; on moon names, 52 ; on female conservatism, 107 , 179 , 180 ; on burial customs, 208 ; on Nebo, 303 , 435 ; on Greek and Babylonian astrology and astronomy, 319 et seq.; on Anshar, Ashir, and Ashur, 354 .

Jehoahaz (je-hōa-haz), King of Judah, 414 ; Necho deposes, 489 .

Jehoash (je-hōash), King of Israel, 448 , 449 .

Jehoiachin (je-hoia-chin), King of Judah, carried to Babylon, 490 .

Jehoiakim (je-hoia-kim), King of Judah, 489 , 490 , 492 .

Jehoram (je-hōram), King of Judah, no burning at grave of, 350 .

Jehoshaphat (je-hosha-phat), King of Judah, 407 ; navy of wrecked, 408 .

Jehu (jeh, King of Israel, Elisha calls, 409 , 410 ; tribute to Shalmaneser III, 411 , 412 ; mother worship in reign of, 421 , 434 .

Jeremiah, liver as seat of life, 48 ; on mother worship, 106 , 107 , 421 ; Pharaoh Necho, 489 .

Jeremias, Dr. Alfred, on precession of equinoxes, 320 n.

Jeroboam (jer-o-bōam), revolt of, 402 ; Abijah defeats, 402 , 403 ; an ally of Assyria, 449 .

Jerusalem, the "new", xvii ; Pallithic collection at, 10 ; "dragon well" at, 152 ; "father" of Amorite, "mother" of Hittite, 246 ; eclipse record from, 323 ; "Queen of Heaven" worshipped in, 421 ; wall of destroyed by Jehoash, 449 ; new wall and water supply of, 451 ; siege of by Sennacherib, 465 , 466 ; Assyrian ambassador visits, 471 , 472 ; sack of by Nebuchadrezzar II, 490 , 491 ; Cyrus and rebuilding of, 496 ; return of captives to, 496 .

Jewellery, the magic, Ishtar's, 96 , 98 .

Jewish type, Akkadians of, 1 , 2 ; Arabs not of, 9 ; the racial blend which produced, 10 et seq.

Jews, Cyrus welcomed in Babylon by, 495 ; return of to Jerusalem, 496 .

Jezebel (jeze-bel), Queen, 406 ; murder of, 410 .

Jinn, the Arabian, 78 .

Joash (jōash), King of Judah, concealment of in childhood, 413 ; coronation of, 413 , 414 .

Johns, Mr., on Aryans in early Assyria, 278 , 279 .

Joram (jōram), King of Israel, 408 , 409 ; Jehu murders, 410 .

Josiah (jō-sīah), King of Judah, Necho and, 489 .

Jotham (jōtham), King of Judah, 451 .

Judah, subject to Damascus, 396 ; separation of from Israel, 401 at seq.; Edom revolts against, 409 ; defeated by Israel, 448 ; Damascus and Israel plot against, 451 ; Ahaz appeals to Assyria, 452 ; Sennacherib deports prisoners from, 463 ; in Esarhaddon's reign, 474 ; Pharaoh Necho in, 489 ; the Captivity, 491 ; return of captives, 496 .

Jupiter, the planet, Ramman and Hadad as, 57 ; Merodach creates, 147 ; Merodach as, 296 ; Horus as, 300 , 302 ; associated with sun and moon, 301 ; as ghost of sun, 305 ; as "bull of light", 301 ; Nin- Girsu (Tammuz) as, 301 ; month of, 305 ; Attis as, 305 ; as "face voice of light" and "star of bronze", 314 , 315 ; in astrology, 318 .

Jupiter-Amon, 317 .

Jupiter-Belus, Merodach as, 221 , 317 .

Kadashman-Kharbe (kad-hman-khbe), King of Babylon, grandson of Ashur-uballit, 284 , 285 ; opens Arabian desert trade route, 360 ; murder of, 361 .

Kadesh (kesh), goddesses that link with, 268 .

Kali (kee), the Indian goddess, goat sacrificed to, 48 .

Kalkhi (kkhi), excavations at, xix , xx ; capital of Shalmaneser I, 367 ; head-quarters of Ashur-natsir-pal III, 398 ; description of, 399 , 400 ; library at, 422 , 470 ; religious revolt at, 422 ; Sargon II and, 463 ; temple to Nebo at, 487 .

Karduniash (kar-dooni-ash), Babylonia called, 273 .

Karna (kărnă), Indian hero: like Sargon of Akkad, 126 .

Ksites, Nippur as capital of, 218 ; in Hammurabi Age, 255 ; as agriculturists, 256 ; Aryans associated with, 270 ; Mitannians, Hyksos and, 270 , 271 , 272 , 273 ; Babylonia consolidated by, 274 , 393 ; early Assyrian kings and, 279 ; in Tell-el-Amarna letters, 281 ; and Mesopotamian question, 358 ; Arabian desert trade route, 360 ; dynasty of ends, 370 , 371 ; Sennacherib and the mountain, 464 .

Keats, John, 112 ; "La Belle Dame Sans Merci" and Ishtar, 174 .

Kengi (kengi), early name of Sumer, 2 .

Khammurabi (kham-mri), 247 . See Hammurabi.

Khani (khi). See Mitanni.

Kharri (khri), Mitannians called; perhaps "Arya", 269 .

Khatti. See Hattiand Hittites.

Kheta. See Hittites.

Khnumu (knoomoo), the Egyptian god, Ea compared to, 30 .

Khonsu (konsoo), Tammuz a healer like, 90 , 94 .

Kid, sacrificed to Tammuz, 85 , 333 ; star called by Arabs, 333 .

King, L. W., Creation tablets, xxiv , 29 ; 211 ; on "Cuthean Legend of Creation", 215 , 216 ; on seven gods as one, 298 ; on Sennacherib's sack of Babylon, 469 .

Kings, worship of, in Hammurabi Age, 242 , 257 , 258 ; burning of, 350 , 351 ; Ashur's association with, 352 .

Kingu (kingoo), in Creation Legend, as son and lover of Tiamat, 106 ; stirs Tiamat to avenge Apsu, 140 ; exalted by Tiamat, 140 ; overcome by Merodach, 145 , 146 .

Kish, early dynasty of, 114 ; legendary queen of, 114 , 115 ; Entemena's sack of, 120 ; Sargon and, 125 , 126 ; goddess of, 126 , 127 ; kings and gods of, 241 .

Kishar (kesh), the god, in group of elder deities, 37 , 138 .

Kneph, the Egyptian air god, 49 .

Koran(kōr), Etana eagle myth in, 166 , 167 ; Nimrod agricultural myth in, 170 ; water of life legend in, 186 ; Abraham and Nimrod's pyre, 349 .

Kudur Mabug (k mab), Elamite King of Sumer, 242 , 243 ; the Biblical Chedor-laomer, 247 , 248 .

Kuiri (k-ri), early name of Akkad, 2 .

Kurds (koords), the, use of cradle board by, 4 , 5 ; of Mediterranean race, 8 ;

Mitannians as ancestors of, 270 , 283 .

Kurigalzu II (ki-gz, King of Babylonia, 285 .

Kurigalzu III, Kassite king, wars with Elam and Assyria, 362 .

Ka and Kh See Cuthah.

Kutu (k, the men of, 128 , 264 . See Gutium.

Labartu (la-bt, the, a mountain hag, 68 ; as a luck spirit, 77 .

Labashi-Marduk (laba-shi-mard), King of Babylonia, 492 .

"La Belle Dame Sans Merci", Ishtar as, 174 , 175 .

Lachamu (lach-, goddess, in Creation legend, 37 , 138 , 143 .

Lachmu (lachm, god, in Creation legend, 37 , 138 , 143 .

Lagash (lash), city of, early rulers of, 115 et seq.; deities of, 116 -118 ; relations with Umma, 118 -120 ; site of at Tello, 120 ; revolution in, 120 ; Urukagina, the reformer of, 121 -124 ; sack of, 124 ; Gudea, King of, 129 ; sculptures, buildings, and trade of, 130 ; bearded god of, 135 , 136 ; burning of in Hammurabi Age, 243 . Also Shir-pl

Lakshmi (lăkshmee), the Indian eternal mother, 101 .

Lamassu (lamas-s, the winged bull, 65 .

Lamb, the sacrificed, inspiration from blood of, 48 .

Land laws, in early Sumeria, 26 ; of Babylonia, 229 , 230 .

Lang, Andrew, on Cronos, 64 ; on father and son myth, 158 ; on Greek star lore, 319 .

Langdon, Dr., Sumerian psalms, 98 et seq.; on Ninip and Enlil, 158 ; on doves and goddesses, 428 .

Language, race and, 3 ; Sumerians-, Chinese, Turks, Magyars, Finns, and Basques compared, 3 .

Larsa (ls, sun god chief deity of, 40 ; revolt against Isin, 132 ; Rim-Sin, king of, 133 ; rise of sun cult of, 240 ; Elamite kings of, 242 ; the Biblical Ellasar, 247 ; Nabonidus and, 492 .

Laurin (lawreen), the Germanic elfin lover, 68 .

Law courts, in Hammurabi Age, 223 .

Layard, Sir A. H., discoveries of, xix et seq.; Ashur symbols, 343 ; description of Kalkhi, 399 -401 .

"Lay of the Harper", the Sumerian "Song of the Sea Lady" and, 178 , 179 .

Lead, in northern Mesopotamia, 25 .

Lebanon, Gudea of Lagash gets timber from, 130 .

Leicestershire wind hag, 73 .

Library, Shalmaneser III founded at Kalkhi, 422 .

Libyans, the, shaving customs of, 9 .

Life, the water of, 44 , 45 ; the plant of, 44 ; blood and sap and, 45 ; liver as seat of, 48 ; habits of and modes of thought, 51 .

Light on head, Merodach's, 145 .

Lila or Lilu, the demon, 67 .

Lilith, "Adam's first wife", 67 ; Indian Surpanaka like, 67 .

Linen, manufactured in prehistoric Egypt, 14 .

Lion god, Nergal as the, 54 .

Lions, associated with mother goddess, 120 .

Liver, the, as seat of life, 48 ; dragon's vulnerable part, 153 .

Loftus, W. K., xx .

Loki, the Germanic god, taunts goddesses regarding lovers, 102 , 103 ; god Barleycorn and, 170 .

"Long Meg", the English giantess, 155 , 156 ; "Long Tom" and, 156 . "Long Tom", the giant, guns called, 156 .

Love charms and love lyrics, 238 .

Love goddess, Ishtar as, 99 , 175 , 176 ; the inconstancy of, 99 et seq., 102 , 103 , 104 .

Lovers, the demon, 67 , 68 .

Lucian (looshyan), Semiramis legend, 425 .

Lucifer, Babylonian king as, 331 .

Luck, spitting to secure, 46 et seq.; spirits of, 77 .

Lugal-zaggisi (lal-zaggi-si), King of Umma, sack of Lagash by, 123 , 124 ; gods of, 124 ; Kish captured by, 124 ; Erech capital of empire of, 124 , 125 ; supposed invasion of Syria by, 125 .

Lulubu (lb, mountaineers, 128 .

Lunar chronology, solar chronology preceded by, 312 ; "Four Quarters", 323 , 324 .

Lunar zodiac, the original, 309 .

Lycia, god had wife in, 221 .

Lydia, emissaries from to Ashurbanipal, 483 ; helps Egypt against Assyria, 486 ; alliance with Egypt against Cyrus, 494 .

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