The lengths of reigns assigned to the rulers of Dynasties I and II of Kish are clearly not the true lengths of reign. They are all too long. Yet they cannot be explained merely by scribal errors. The figures are intentionally long.
The Babylonian priestly scribes at an early period intentionally lengthened the original figures to make Babylon excessively ancient.
The question is: Can the true lengths of reign still be deduced from the figures now preserved? The answer is Yes!
What the Babylonians did was very clever. To preserve the original figures which they had in their possession -- and yet hide them -- they resorted to a clever mathematical trick.
To understand, let's look at the Sumerian and Babylonian method of numbering. Today we are familiar with the use of decimals -- multiples of ten. But we are generally unfamiliar with the Babylonian use of multiples of sixes and sixties. Samuel Kramer explains it for laymen in 'The Sumerians, Their History, Culture and Character,' p. 92. To express the number 60, for example, the Sumerians used a particular symbol. But to express 600 they used another symbol, not 10 x 60. To express 3,600, they used another symbol, not 6 x 600.
Now what the clever priest-kings did was this: They took for example, a man whose length of reign was 14 years and altered the figures the following way. They multiplied the 4, the first figure to the left of the decimal point by 60. The result was 240. Then they multiplied the 1, the second figure to the left of the decimal point by 600. The result was 1 x 600 + 4 x 60 = 840. By working back from the expanded figures now preserved, it is possible to determine the real lengths of reigns of the priest-kings of Kish who were elected to the office. The Dynasty, it should be noted, is placed before that of Erech. It indicates that events which led to the establishment of Nimrod's political government in 2254, began two years earlier in a religious revolt that expressed itself in the building of the Tower of Babel in 2256.
| Rulers of Dynasty II of Kish -- Priest-Kings | Length of Reign from King List | Calculation of True Reign | Actual Reign |
| Su- | more than 201, not more than 205 | 0 x 600 + 3 x 60 = | 3 yrs. + mos |
| Dadasig | more than 1785, not more than 1789 | 2 x 600 + 9 x 60 = | 29 yrs.+ mos |
| Mamagal | 420 | 0 x 600 + 7 x 60 = | 7 yrs |
| Kalbum, son of Mamagal. | 132 | 0 x 600 + 2 x 60 = | 2 yrs. + mos |
| Tuge | 360 | 0 x 600 + 6 x 60 = | 6 yrs. |
| Mennumna | 180 | 0 x 600 + 3 x 60 = | 3 yrs. |
| Lugalmu | 420 | 0 x 600 + 7 x 60 = | 7 yrs. |
| Ibbi-Ea | 290 | 0 x 600 + 4 x 60 = | 4 yrs. + mos. |
Eight kings are said to have reigned 3792 years; the correct total is given in the Document L1 (see p. 97 of Jacobsen's 'Sumerian King List'). For all other figures, see pp. 328-329 of S. N. Kramer's, 'The Sumerians, their History, Culture and Character.'
| Rulers of Dynasty II of Kish | Actual Length of Reign | Dates of Reign |
| Su- | 3 | 1809-1806 |
| Dadasig | 29 | 1806-1777 |
| Mamagal | 7 | 1777-1770 |
| Kalbum, son of Mamagal | 2 | 1770-1768 |
| Tuge | 6 | 1768-1762 |
| Mennumna | 3 | 1762-1759 |
| Lugalmu | 7 | 1759-1752 |
| Ibbi-Ea | 4 | 1752-1748 |
| Rulers of Dynasty I of Kish -- Priest-Kings | Length of Reign from King List | Calculation of True Reign | Actual Reign |
| Gaur | 1200 | 2 x 600 + 0 x 60 = | 20 yrs. |
| Gulla-Nidaba-annapad | 960 | 1 x 600 + 6 x 60 = | 16 yrs. |
| Pala-kinatim | 900 | 1 x 600 + 5 x 60 = | 15 yrs. |
| Nangishlishma and Bahina | 6960 | 1 x 3600 + 5 x 600 + 6 x 60 = | 156 yrs. |
| Buanum | 840 | 1 x 600 + 4 x 60 = | 14 yrs. |
| Kalibum | 960 | 1 x 600 + 6 x 60 = | 16 yrs. |
| Galumum | 840 | 1 x 600 + 4 x 60 = | 14 yrs. |
| Zukakip | 900 | 1 x 600 + 5 x 60 = | 15 yrs. |
| Atab | 600 | 1 x 600 + 0 x 60 = | 10 yrs. |
| Mashda | 840 | 1 x 600 + 4 x 60 = | 14 yrs. |
| Arurim, son ofMashda. | 720 | 1 x 600 + 2 x 60 = . | 12 yrs |
| Etana, the shepherd, who ascended to heaven, who MADE FIRM ALL THE LANDS. | 1560 | 2 x 600 + 6 x 60 = | 26 yrs. |
| Balih | 400 | 0 x 600 + 6 x 60 = | 6 yrs.+ mos. |
| Enmenunna | 660 | 1 x 600 + 1 x 60 = | 11 yrs. |
| Melan-Kish, son of Enmenunna. | 900 | 1 x 600 + 5 x 60 = | 15 yrs. |
| Barsalnunna, son of Enmenunna. | 1200 | 2 x 600 + 0 x 60 = | 20 yrs. |
| Meszemug, son of Barsalnunna. | 140 | 0 x 600 + 2 x 60 = | 2 yrs.+ mos. |
| Tizkar, son of Meszamug. | 305 | 0 x 600 + 5 x 60 = | 5 yrs.+ mos. |
| Ilku | 900 | 1 x 600 + 3 x 60 = | 15 yrs. |
| Iltasadum | 1200 | 2 x 600 + 0 x 60 = | 20 yrs. |
| Enmebaraggesi, who smote the weapons of the land of Elam. | 900 | 1 x 600 + 5 x 60 = | 15 yrs. |
| Agga, son of Enmebaraggesi. | 625 | 1 x 600 + 0 x 60 = | 10 yrs.+ mos. |
| 'Twenty-three kings reigned years.' | 24,510 | 6 x 3600 + 4 x 600 + 8 x 60 | 648 yrs. + mos. |
| Rulers of Dynasty I of Kish -- Priest-Kings | Actual Length of Reign | Dates of
Reign |
| Gaur Reckoned from commencement of building Tower of Babel | 20 | 2256-2236 |
| Gulla-Nidaba-annapad | 16 | 2236-2220 |
| Pala-kinatim | 15 | 2220-2205 |
| Nangishlishma and Bahina | 156 | 2205-2049 |
| Buanum | 14 | 2049-2035 |
| Kalibum | 16 | 2035-2019 |
| Galumum | 14 | 2019-2005 |
| Zukakip | 15 | 2005-1990 |
| Atab | 10 | 1990-1980 |
| Mashda | 14 | 1980-1966 |
| Arurim, son of Mashda. | 12 | 1966-1954 |
| Etana, the shepherd. | 26 | 1954-1928 |
| Balih, son of Etana. | 6 | 1928-1922 |
| Enmenunna | 11 | 1922-1911 |
| Melan-Kish, son of Enmenunna. | 15 | 1911-1896 |
| Barsalnunna, son of Enmenunna. | 20 | 1896-1876 |
| Meszamug, son of Barsalnunna. | 2 | 1876-1874 |
| Tizkar, son of Meszamug. | 5 | 1874-1869 |
| Ilku | 15 | 1869-1854 |
| Iltasadum | 20 | 1854-1834 |
| Enmebaraggesi, who smote the weapons of the land of Elam. | 15 | 1834-1819 |
| Agga, son of Enmebaraggesi. | 10 | 1819-1809 |
The following list of rulers is taken from 'In the Country of the Blue Nile' by C. F. Rey, London, 1927 (Appendix A). It is exactly correct in the original archives. The dates are stated in years according to the Gregorian calendar. They begin in September -- hence autumn to autumn reckoning. This list of rulers is as valuable as the Chinese Shoo King.
| Ruler | Length of Reign | Dates |
| 1. Akbunas Saba I. Saba is the Arabian Abd Shems, son of Jerah (Yarab), the son of Joktan. | 55 | 1978-1923 |
| 2. Nakehte Kalnis. Kalnis is Kahlan of Arabian tradition, the son of Abd Shems. | 40 | 1923-1883 |
| 3. Kasiyope (queen) | 19 | 1883-1864 |
| 4. Sabe I | 15 | 1864-1849 |
| 5. Etiyopus I | 56 | 1849-1793 |
| 6. Lakndun Nowarari | 30 | 1793-1763 |
| 7. Tutimheb | 20 | 1763-I743 |
| 8. Herhator I | 20 | 1743-1723 |
| 9. Etiyopus II | 30 | 1723-1693 |
| 10. Senuka I | 17 | 1693-1676 |
| 11. Bonu I | 8 | 1676-1668 |
| 12. Mumazes (queen) | 4 | 1668-1664 |
| 13. Aruas, daughter of Mumazes. | 7 months | 1664 |
| 14. Amen Asro I | 30 | 1664-1634 |
| 15. Ori (or Aram) II | 30 | 1634-1604 |
| 16. Piori I | 15 | 1604-1589 |
| 17. Amen Emhat I | 40 | 1589-1549 |
| 18. Tsawi | 15 | 1549-1534 |
| 19. Aktissanis | 10 | 1534-1524 |
| 20. Mandes | 17 | 1524-1507 |
| 21. Protawos | 33 | 1507-1474 |
| 22. Amoy | 21 | 1474-1453 |
| 23. Konsi Hendawi | 5 | 1453-1448 |
| 24. Bonu II | 2 | 1448-1446 |
| 25. Sebi III (Kefe) | 15 | 1446-1431 |
| 26. Djagons | 20 | 1431-1411 |
| 27. Senuka II | 10 | 1411-1401 |
| 28. Angabo I (Zaka Laarwe) | 50 | 1401-1351 |
| 29. Miamur | 2 days | 1351 |
| 30. Helena (queen) | 11 | 1351-1340 |
| 31. Zagdur I | 40 | 1340-1300 |
| 32. Her Hator II | 30 | 1300-1270 |
| 33. Her Hator (Za Sagado) III | 1 | 1270-1269 |
| 34. Akate (Za Sagado) IV | 20 | 1269-1249 |
| 35. Titon Satiyo | 10 | 1249-1239 |
| 36. Hermantu I | 5 months | 1239 |
| 37. Amen Emhat II | 5 | 1239-1234 |
| 38. Konsab I | 5 | 1234-1229 |
| 39. Sannib II | 5 | 1229-1224 |
| 40. Sanuka III | 5 | 1224-1219 |
| 41. Angabo II | 40 | 1219-1179 |
| 42. Amen Astate | 30 | 1179-1149 |
| 43. Herhor | 16 | 1149-1133 |
| 44. Wiyankihi I | 9 | 1133-1124 |
| 45. Pinotsem I | 17 | 1124-1107 |
| 46. Pinotsem II | 41 | 1107-1066 |
| 47. Massaherta | 16 | 1066-1050 |
| 48. Ramenkoperm | 14 | 1050-1036 |
| 49. Pinotsem III | 7 | 1036-1029 |
| 50. Sabi IV | 10 | 1029-1019 |
| 51. Tawasaya Dews | 13 | 1019-1006 |
| 52. Makeda | 31 | 1006- 975 |
The year 975 is the year of death of Hatshepsowe, who is Makeda.
Her daughter married Solomon, Their son, Menelik, was adopted by Makeda as her heir since she had no son of her own. Menelik thus was of the line of Sheba, of Joktan and Peleg -- which explains the racial intermixture of the Ethiopian royalty.
Fifty-two sovereigns reigned over Ethiopia before the advent of Mehelik I.
| Ruler | Length of Reign | Dates |
| 1. Menelik I | 25 | 975-950 |
| 2. Hanyon | 1 | 950-949 |
| 3. Sera I (Tomai). This is Zerah the Ethiopian -- here expressly recorded by name in the history of Abyssinia. | 26 | 949-923 |
| 4. Amen Hotep Zagdur | 31 | 923-892 |
| 5. Aksumay Ramissu | 20 | 892-872 |
| 6. Awseyo Sera II | 38 | 872-834 |
| 7. Tawasya II | 21 | 834-813 |
| 8. Abralyus Wiyankihi II | 32 | 813-781 |
| 9. Aksumay Warada Tsahay | 23 | 781-758 |
| 10. Kashta Hanyon | 13 | 758-745 |
| 11. Sabaka II | 12 | 745-733 |
| 12. Nicauta Kandake (queen) | 10 | 733-723 |
| 13. Tsawi Terhak Warada Nsgash | 49 | 723-674 |
| 14. Erda Amen Awseya, or Urdemane of Assyrian records of Assurbanipal | 6 | 674-668 |
| 15. Gasiyo Eskikatir | -- | 668 |
| 16. Nuatmeawn (Tanautamun) | 4 | 668-664 |
| 17. Tomadyon Piyankihi III | 12 | 664-652 |
| 18. Amen Asero | 16 | 652-636 |
| 19. Piyankihi IV, or Awtet | 34 | 636-602 |
| 20. Zaware Nebret Aspurta | 41 | 602-561 |
| 21. Saifay Harsiataw II | 12 | 561-549 |
| 22. Ramhay Nastossanan | 4 | 549-535 |
| 23. Handu Wuha Abra | 11 | 535-524 |
| 24. Safelya Sabakon | 31 | 524-493 |
| 25. Agalbus Sepekos | 22 | 493-471 |
| 26. Psmenit Waradanegash | 21 | 471-450 |
| 27. Awseya Tarakos | 12 | 450-438 |
| 28. Kanaz Psmis, son of Awseya Tarakos | 13 | 438-425 |
| 29. Apras | 10 | 425-415 |
| 30. Kashta Walda Ahuhu | 20 | 415-395 |
| 31. Elalion Taake | 10 | 395-385 |
| 32. Atserk Amen III | 10 | 385-375 |
| 33. Atserk Amen IV | 10 | 375-365 |
| 34. Hadina (queen) | 10 | 365-355 |
| 35. Atserk Amen V | 10 | 355-345 |
| 36. Atserk Amen VI | 10 | 345-335 |
| 37. Nikawla Kandake (queen) | 10 | 335-325 |
| 38. Bassyo | 7 | 325-318 |
| 39. Akawsis Kandake III (queen) | 10 | 318-308 |
| 40. Arkamen II | 10 | 308-298 |
| 41. Awtet Arawura | 10 | 298-288 |
| 42. Kolas II (Kaletro) | 10 | 288-278 |
| 43. Zawre Nebrat | 16 | 278-262 |
| 44. Stiyo | 14 | 262-248 |
| 45. Safay | 13 | 248-235 |
| 46. Nikosis Kandake IV (queen) | 10 | 235-225 |
| 47. Ramhay Arkamen IV | 10 | 225-215 |
| 48. Feliya Hernekhit | 15 | 215-200 |
| 49. Hende Awkerara | 20 | 200-180 |
| 50. Agabu Baseheran | 10 | 180-170 |
| 51. Sulay Kawswmenun | 20 | 170-150 |
| 52. Messelme Kerarmer | 8 | 150-142 |
| 53. Nagey Bsente | 10 | 142-132 |
| 54. Etbenukewer | 10 | 132-122 |
| 55. Safeliya Abramen | 20 | 122-102 |
| 56. Sanay | 10 | 102- 92 |
| 57. Awsena (queen) | 11 | 92- 81 |
| 58. Dawit II | 10 | 81- 71 |
| 59. Aglbul | 8 | 71- 63 |
| 60. Bawawl | 10 | 63- 53 |
| 61. Barawas | 10 | 53- 43 |
| 62. Dinedad | 10 | 43- 33 |
| 63. Amoy Mahasse | 5 | 33- 28 |
| 64. Nicotnis Kandake V | 10 | 28- 18 |
| 65. Nalke | 5 | 18- 13 |
| 66. Luzay | 12 | 13- 1 |
| 67. Bazen | 17 | B.C. 1- 17 A.D. |
| Before Christ 119 sovereigns reigned. |
| Ruler | Length of Reign | Dates |
| 1. Sartu Tsenfa Assegd | 21 | 17- 38 |
| 2. Akaptah Tsenfa Ared | 8 | 38- 46 |
| 3. Horemtaku | 2 | 46- 48 |
| 4. Garsemot Kandake VI. JenDaraba, favourite of Queen Garsemot Kandake, crowned by Gabre Hawariat Kandake, had made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem according to the law of Orit (the ancient law), and on his return Philip the Apostle taught him the gospel, and after he had made him believe the truth he sent him back. | 10 | 48- 58 |
| 5. Hatoza Bahr Asaged | 28 | 58- 86 |
| 6. Mesenh Germasir | 7 | 86- 93 |
| 7. Metwa Germa Asfar | 9 | 93-102 |
| 8. Adgale II | 10 | 102-112 |
| 9. Agba | 1 | 112-113 |
| 10. Serada | 16 | 113-129 |
| 11. Malis Alameda | 4 | 129-133 |
| 12. Hakabe Nasohi Tsiyon | 6 | 133-139 |
| 13. Hakli Sergway | 12 | 139-151 |
| 14. Dedme Zaray | 10 | 151-161 |
| 15. Awtet | 2 | 161-163 |
| 16. Alaly Bagamay | 7 | 163-170 |
| 17. Awadu Jan Asagad | 30 | 170-200 |
| 18. Zagun Tsion Hegez | 5 | 200-205 |
| 19. Rema Tsion Geza | 3 | 205-208 |
| 20. Azegan Malbagad | 7 | 208-215 |
| 21. Gafale Seb Asagad | 1 | 215-216 |
| 22. Tsegay Beze Wark | 4 | 216-220 |
| 23. Gaza Agdur | 9 | 220-229 |
| 24. Agduba Asgwegwe | 8 | 229-237 |
| 25. Dawiza | 1 | 237-238 |
| 26. Wakana (queen) | 2 days | 238 |
| 27. Hadawz | 4 months | 238 |
| 28. Ailassan Sagal | 3 | 238-241 |
| 29. Asfehi Asfeha | 14 | 241-255 |
| 30. Atsgaba Seifa Arad | 6 | 255-261 |
| 31. Ayba | 17 | 261-278 |
| 32. Tsaham Laknduga | 9 | 278-287 |
| 33. Tsegab | 10 | 287-297 |
| 34. Tazer | 10 | 297-307 |
| 35. Ahywa Sofya (queen) | 7 | 307-314 |
| 1. Ahywa. Her regnal name was Sofya, and she was the mother of Abreha Atsbeha. | ||
| 2. Abreha Atsbeha, reigned partly with his mother. | 26 | 314-340 |
| 3. Atsbeha, alone. | 12 | 340-352 |
| 4. Asfeh Dalz | 7 | 352-359 |
| 5. Sahle | 14 | 359-373 |
| 6. Arfed Gebra Maskal | 4 | 373-377 |
| 7. Adhana I (queen) | 5 | 377-382 |
| 8. Riti | 1 | 382-383 |
| 9. Asfeh II | 1 | 383-384 |
| 10. Atsbeha II | 5 | 384-389 |
| 11. Amey | 15 | 389-404 |
| 12. Abreha II | 7 months | 404 |
| 13. Ilassahl | 2 months | 404 |
| 14. Elagabaz I | 2 | 404-406 |
| 15. Suhal | 4 | 406-410 |
| 16. Abreha III | 10 | 410-420 |
| 17. Adhana II (queen) | 6 | 420-426 |
| 18. Yoab | 10 | 426-436 |
| 19. Tsaham I | 2 | 436-438 |
| 20. Amey II | 1 | 438-439 |
| 21. Sahle Ahzob | 2 | 439-441 |
| 22. Tsebah Mahana Kristos | 3 | 441-444 |
| 23. Tsaham II | 2 | 444-446 |
| 24. Elagabaz II | 6 | 446-452 |
| 25. Agabi | 1 | 452-453 |
| 26. Lewi | 2 | 453-455 |
| 27. Ameda III | 3 | 455-458 |
| 28. Armah Dawit | 14 | 458-472 |
| 29. Amsi | 5 | 472-477 |
| 30. Salayba | 9 | 477-486 |
| 31. Alameda | 8 | 486-494 |
| 32. Pazena Ezana | 7 | 494-501 |
Of the posterity of Sofya and Abreha Atsbeha until the reign of Pazena Ezana thirty-one sovereigns reigned over Ethiopia.
| Ruler | Length of Reign | Dates |
| 1. Kaleb | 30 | 501-531 |
| 2. Za Israel | 1 month | 531 |
| 3. Gabra Maskal | 14 | 531-545 |
| 4. Kostantinos | 28 | 545-573 |
| 5. Wasan Sagad | 15 | 573-588 |
| 6. Fere Sanay | 23 | 588-611 |
| 7. Advenz | 20 | 611-631 |
| 8. Akala Wedem | 8 | 631-639 |
| 9. Germa Asafar | 15 | 639-654 |
| 10. Zergaz | 10 | 654-664 |
| 11. Dagena Mikael | 26 | 664-690 |
| 12. Bahr Ekla | 19 | 690-709 |
| 13. Gum | 24 | 709-733 |
| 14. Asguagum | 5 | 733-738 |
| 15. Latem | 16 | 738-754 |
| 16. Talatam | 21 | 754-775 |
| 17. Gadagosh | 13 | 775-788 |
| 18. Aizar Eskakatir | 1/2 day | 788 |
| 19. Dedem | 5 | 788-793 |
| 20, Wededem | 10 | 793-803 |
| 21. Wudme Asfare | 30 | 803-833 |
| 22. Armah | 5 | 833-838 |
| 23. Degennajan | 19 | 838-857 |
| 24. Gedajan | 1 | 857-858 |
| 25. Gudit | 40 | 858-898 |
| 26. Anbase Wedem | 20 | 898-918 |
| 27. Del Naad | 10 | 918-928 |
Twenty-seven sovereigns of the posterity of Kaleb
| Ruler | Length of Reign | Dates |
| 1. Mara Takla Haymanot, his regnal name was Zagwe. | 13 | 928- 941 |
| 2. Tatawdem | 40 | 941- 981 |
| 3. Jan Seyum | 40 | 981-1021 |
| 4. Germa Seyum | 40 | 1021-1061 |
| 5. Yermrhana Kristos | 40 | 1061-1101 |
| 6. Kedus Arbe (Samt) | 40 | 1101-1141 |
| 7. Lalibala | 40 | 1141-1181 |
| 8. Nacuto Laab | 40 | 1181-1221 |
| 9. Yatbarak | 17 | 1221-1238 |
| 10. Mayari | 15 | 1238-1253 |
| 11. Harbay | 8 | 1253-1261 |
Of the posterity of Mara Takla Haymanot (whose regnal name was Zagwe) until the reign of Harbay eleven sovereigns reigned over Ethiopia.
| 1. Mahbara Wedem |
| 2. Agbea Tsyon |
| 3. Tsinfa Arad |
| 4. Nagash Zare |
| 5. Asfeh |
| 6. Yakob |
| 7. Bahr Asagad |
| 8. Edem Asagad |
| Ruler | Length of Reign | Dates |
| 1. Yekuno Amlak | 15 | 1261-1276 |
| 2. Yasbeo Tseyon | 9 | 1276-1285 |
| 3. Tsenfa Arad | 1 | 1285-1286 |
| 4. Hesba Asagad | 1 | 1286-1287 |
| 5. Kedme Asagad | 1 | 1287-1288 |
| 6. Jan Asagad | 1 | 1288-1289 |
| 7. Sabea Asagad | 1 | 1289-1290 |
| 8. Wedma Ared | 15 | 1290-1305 |
| 9. Amda Tseyon | 30 | 1305-1335 |
| 10. Saifa Ared | 28 | 1335-1363 |
| 11. Wedma Asfare | 10 | 1363-1373 |
| 12. Dawit | 30 | 1373-1403 |
| 13. Tewodoros | 4 | 1403-1407 |
| 14. Yeshak | 15 | 1407-1422 |
| 15. Andreyas | 6 months | 1422 |
| 16. Hesba Nan | 4 | 1422-1426 |
| 17. Bedl Nan (6 months with Andreyas & 6 months) | 1 | 1426-1427 |
| 18. Amde Tseyon | 7 | 1427-1434 |
| 19. Zara Yakob | 34 | 1434-1468 |
| 20. Boeda Maryam | 10 | 1468-1478 |
| 21. Iskender | 16 | 1478-1494 |
| 22. Amda Tseyon | 1 | 1494-1495 |
| 23. Naod | 13 | 1495-1508 |
Of the posterity of Yekuno Amlak up to the reign of Naod 23 sovereigns ruled over Ethiopia.
| Ruler | Length of Reign | Dates |
| 1. Lebna Dengel | 32 | 1508-1540 |
| 2. Galawdewos | 19 | 1540-1559 |
| 3. Minas | 4 | 1559-1563 |
Fifteen years after Atse (Emperor) Lebna Dengel came to the throne Gran devastated Ethiopia for fifteen years.
| Ruler | Length of Reign | Dates |
| 1. Sartsa Dengel | 34 | 1563-1597 |
| 2. Yakob | 9 | 1597-1606 |
| 3. Za Dengel | 1 | 1606-1607 |
| 4. Susneyos | 28 | 1607-1635 |
| 5. Fasil | 35 | 1635-1670 |
| 6. Degu-Johannis | 15 | 1670-1685 |
| 7. Adyam Sagad Iyasu | 25 | 1685-1710 |
| 8. Takla Haymanot | 2 | 1710-1712 |
| 9. Tewoflus | 3 | 1712-1715 |
| 10. Yostos | 4 | 1715-1719 |
| 11. Dawit | 5 | 1719-1724 |
| 12. Bakaffa | 9 | 1724-1733 |
| 13. Birhan Sagad Iyasu | 24 | 1733-1757 |
| 14. Iyoas | 15 | 1757-1772 |
| 15. Johannis . | 5 mos. & 5 dys | 1772 |
| 16. Takla Haymanot | 8 | 1772-1780 |
| 17. Solomon | 2 | 1780-1782 |
| 18. Takla Giyorgis | 5 | 1782-1787 |
Of the posterity of Sartsa Dengel up to the reign of King Takla Giyorgis eighteen sovereigns reigned over Ethiopia.
From about 1730 up to the advent of Theodore in 1855 these kings exercised no real power. They were murdered, deposed, restored and driven out again, or treated as nonentities by anyone of the great
Rases or semi-independent kings who were strong enough to maintain themselves against their rivals, such as, for example, Ras Mikael Suhul of Tigre (1730-1780), Ras Guksa of Amhara a Galla (1790-1819), and the son (Ras Marye) and grandson (Ras Ali) of the latter.
In 1813, indeed, no less than six nominal 'Kings of Kings of Ethiopia' were all alive, having been successively turned out of office by others.
The names of all these kings (who were actually raised to the throne) are, however, given below in order to maintain continuity, together with the dates (according to our calendar) of their chequered reigns.
| Ruler | Length of Reign | Dates |
| 1. Yasus | 1 | 1787-1788 |
| 2. Takla Haymanot | 1 | 1788-1789 |
| 3. Iskias | 6 | 1789-1795 |
| 4. Baeda Maryam | 2 | 1795-1797 |
| 5. Junus | -- | 1797 |
| 6. Adimo | 2 | 1797-1799 |
| 7. Egwala Sion | 19 | 1799-1818 |
| 8. Joas | 3 | 1818-1821 |
| 9 Gigar | 5 | 1821-1826 |
| 10. Baeda Maryam III | -- | 1826 |
| 11. Gigar (again) | 4 | 1826-1830 |
| 12. Iyasu IV | 2 | 1830-1832 |
| 13. Gabra Kristos | -- | 1832 |
| 14. Sahala Dengel | 8 | 1832-1840 |
| 15. Johannes III | 1 | 1840-1841 |
| 16. Sahala Dengel (again) At this time the empire was re-established by Theodore. | 14 | 1841-1855 |
| 17. Theodore | 13 | 1855-1868 |
| 18. John IV | 21 | 1868-1889 |
| 19. Menelik II | 24 | 1889-1913 |
| 20. Le; Yasu | 3 | 1913-1916 |
| 21. Zauditu, empress, and Tafari Makonnen, regent and heir. | 14 | 1916-1930 |
| 22. Haile Selassie I, is the title of Tafari Makonnen after Zauditu's
death.
Except for period of Italian annexation (1936 1942) |
6 33 |
1930-1936 1941-1974 |
For purposes of comparison, it should be remembered that the present Abyssinian autumn-to-autumn calendar is seven or eight years behind ours, according to the period of the year. That is, the Ethiopian date differs by eight years from 1st January to 10th September. It differs by seven years from 11th September to 31st December.
Thus the year which the Abyssinians regard as A.D. 1 is for us September A.D. 8 to September A.D. 9.
This difference is not of course exactly the same all the way back throughout the List of Kings, as revisions of the calendar took place at various dates throughout the period. But it is near enough for general comparison.
An Aramaic royal line spread into Africa, as well as into Shinar and Syria. In Africa, the sons of Aram through Mash (and perhaps Uz also) migrated into Egypt and Ethiopia, mixing with Israel, Cush and the Egyptians.
| Ruler | Length of Reign | Dates |
| 1. Ori or Aram, son of Shem. | 60 | 2222-2162 |
| 2. Gariak I. Mash, son of Aram, settled Charax Spasini (see Josephus).
Greek word Charax is translation of Ethiopian Gariak. This Gariak I would appear to be of the family of Mash. These Arameans spread into Africa, just as Cush, north of God's Land (Palestine) are reported in Syria and Mesopotamia. |
66 | 2162-2096 |
| 3. Gannkam | 83 | 2096-2013 |
| 4. Borsa (queen) | 67 | 2013-1946 |
| 5. Gariak II | 60 | 1946-1886 |
| 6. Djan I | 80 | 1886-1806 |
| 7. Djan II | 60 | 1806-1746 |
| 8. Senefrou=Snefru. Job was son-in-law of Snefru. | 20 | 1746-1726 |
| 9. Zeenabzamin | 58 | 1726-1668 |
| 10. Sahlan | 60 | 1668-1608 |
| 11. Elaryan | 80 | 1608-1528 |
| 12. Nimroud | 60 | 1528-1468 |
| 13. Eylouka (queen) | 45 | 1468-1423 |
| 14. Saloug | 30 | 1423-1393 |
| 15. Kharid | 72 | 1393-1321 |
| 16. Hogeb | 100 | 1321-1221 |
| 17. Makaws | 70 | 1221-1151 |
| 18. Assa | 30 | 1151-1121 |
| 19. Affar | 50 | 1121-1071 |
| 20. Milanos | 62 | 1071-1009 |
| 21. Soliman Tehagui. Soliman, an elderly man probably in his 90's, died the year in which he received the news of the overthrow of Zerah and the Ethiopians and their allies (937-936). | 73 | 1009- 936 |
| Twenty-one sovereigns of the Tribe of Ori ruled. |
| Ruler | Length of Reign | Dates |
| 1. Kam = Ham. Date of Ham is predated to the autumn preceding overthrow of Babel. The Chinese predated to the winter solstice. | 78 | 2255-2177 |
| 2. Kout = Cush. Son of Ham. | 50 | 2177-2127 |
| 3. Habassi | 40 | 2127-2087 |
| 4. Sebtah | 30 | 2087-2057 |
| 5. Elektron | 30 | 2057-2027 |
| 6. Neber | 30 | 2027-1997 |
| 7. Amen I | 21 | 1997-1976 |
| 8. Nehasset Nais (queen) | 30 | 1976-1946 |
| 9. Horkam | 29 | 1946-1917 |
| 10. Saba II | 30 | 1917-1887 |
| 11. Sofard | 30 | 1887-1857 |
| 12. Askndou | 25 | 1857-1832 |
| 13. Hohey | 35 | 1832-1797 |
| 14. Adglag | 20 | 1797-1777 |
| 15. Adgala | 30 | 1777-1747 |
| 16. Lakniduga | 25 | 1747-1722 |
| 17. Manturay | 35 | 1722-1687 |
| 18. Rakhu | 30 | 1687-1657 |
| 19. Sabe I | 30 | 1657-1627 |
| 20. Azagan | 30 | 1627-1597 |
| 21. Sousel Atozanis | 20 | 1597-1577 |
| 22. Amen II | 15 | 1577-1562 |
| 23. Ramenpahte | 20 | 1562-1542 |
| 24. Wanuna | 3 days | 1542 |
| 25. Piori II, father of the Ethiopian whom Moses married when he
overthrew Cush in Nubia.
The daughter of Piori betrayed the city and her father in 1527. |
15 | 1542-1527 |
| Twenty-five sovereigns of the tribe of Kam ruled in the land of Cush. |
The following information is taken from the 'Rajatarangini, a Chronicle of the Kings of Kashmir', by Kalhana, translated by A. Stein, 2 volumes, Westminster, 1900.
Kalhana's account of Kashmir is thorough. The history need not be presented here as it can be found in detail in his chronicle. Modern scholars misunderstand Kalhana's method of using whole calendar years.
Of course, Kalhana added months and days to the whole calendar years in those instances where the exact month and day of a ruler's death was known. But, Kalhana did not intend the months and days to be counted, for they were already included in the first calendar year of the succeeding king.
The first native Kashmir dynasty -- the Gonandiya dynasty -- lasted for 1002 years. It was followed by a usurping dynasty for 192 years. The restored Gonandiya dynasty lasted 588 calendar years. Next, the Karkota dynasty ruled 253 years -- ending in 855 A.D. Working backward we discover that Kalhana began the Gonandiya dynasty of Kashmir in 1181 B.C.
This is a significant date since it corresponds to the end of the first Trojan war and the defeat of the Trojan alliance. Prior to 1181 the land of Kashmir had been part of the Indo-Persian, Assyrian and Trojan alliance against the Greeks. Hence, the beginning of this line of rulers indicates a breakup in the alliance. The Indo-Iranian peoples of Kashmir became independent under their own kings.
| Ruler | Length of Reign | Dates |
| Gonanda III | 35 | 1181-1146 |
| Vibhisana I | 53 | 1146-1093 |
| Indrajit | 35 | 1093-1058 |
| Ravana | 30 | 1058-1028 |
| Vibhisana II | 35 | 1028- 993 |
| Nara I (Kimnara) | 40 | 993- 953 |
| Siddha | 60 | 953- 893 |
| Utpalaksa | 30 | 893- 863 |
| Hiranyaksa | 37 | 863- 826 |
| Hiranyakula | 60 | 826- 766 |
| Vasukula | 60 | 766- 706 |
| Mihirakula | 70 | 706- 636 |
| Baka | 63 | 636- 573 |
| Ksitinanda | 30 | 573- 543 |
| Vasunanda | 52 | 543- 491 |
| Nara II | 60 | 491- 431 |
| Aksa | 60 | 431- 371 |
| Gopaditya | 60 | 371- 311 |
| Gokarna | 57 | 311- 254 |
| Khinkhila-Narendraditya | 36 | 254- 218 |
| Yudhisthira | 39 | 218- 179 |
| Ruler | Length of Reign | Dates |
| Pratapaditya I | 32 | 179- 147 |
| Jalaukas | 32 | 147- 115 |
| Tunjina I | 36 | 115- 79 |
| Vijaya | 8 | 79- 71 |
| Jayendra | 37 | 71- 34 |
| Samdhimati-Aryaraja | 47 | B.C. 34- 14 A.D. |
| Ruler | Length of Reign | Dates |
| Meghavahana | 34 | 14- 48 |
| S'resthasena-Pravarasena I
(Tunjina II) |
30 | 48- 78 |
| Hiranya, with Toramana | 30 | 78- 108 |
| Matrgupta | 4 | 108- 112 |
| Pravarasena II | 60 | 112- 172 |
| Yudhisthira II | 39 | 172- 211 |
| Lahkhana-Narendraditya | 13 | 211- 224 |
| Ranaditya (Tunjina III) | 300 | 224- 524 |
| Vikramaditya | 42 | 524- 566 |
| Baladitya | 36 | 566- 602 |
| Ruler | Length of Reign | Dates |
| Durlabhavardhana-Prajnaditya | 36 | 602- 638 |
| Durlabhaka-Pratapaditya II | 50 | 638- 688 |
| Candrapida-Vajraditya | 8 | 688- 696 |
| Tarapida-Udayeditya | 4 | 696- 700 |
| Muktapida-Lalitaditya | 36 | 700- 736 |
| Kuvalayspida | 1 | 736- 737 |
| Vajraditya-Bappiyaka-Lalitaditya | 7 | 737- 744 |
| Prthivyapida | 4 | 744- 748 |
| Samgramapida I | 7 days | 748 |
| Jajja | 3 | 748- 751 |
| Jayapida-Vinayaditya | 31 | 751- 782 |
| Lalitapida | 12 | 782- 794 |
| Samgramapida II (Prthivyspida) | 7 | 794- 801 |
| Cippatajayspida-Brhaspati | 12 | 801- 813 |
| Ajitapida | 37 | 813- 850 |
| Anangapida | 3 | 850- 853 |
| Utpalapida | 2 | 853- 855 |
| Ruler | Length of Reign | Dates |
| Avantivarman | 28 | 855- 883 |
| S'amkaravarman | 18 | 883- 901 |
| Gopalavarman | 2 | 901- 903 |
| Samkata | 10 days | 903 |
| Sugandha | 2 | 903- 905 |
| Partha | 16 | 905- 921 |
| Nirjitavarman (Pangu) | 1 | 921- 922 |
| Cakravarman | 11 | 922- 933 |
| S'uravarman I | 1 | 933- 934 |
| Partha (restored) | 1 | 934- 935 |
| Cakravarman (restored) -- | 935 | |
| S'amkaravardhana | 1 | 935- 936 |
| Cakravarman | 1 | 936- 937 |
| Unmattavanti | 2 | 937- 939 |
| S'uravarman II | -- | 939 |
| Yasaskaradeva | 9 | 939- 948 |
| Varnata | 1 day | 948 |
| Samgramadeva | -- | 948 |
| Parvagupta | 2 | 948-950 |
| Ksemagupta | 8 | 950- 958 |
| Abhimanyu | 14 | 958- 972 |
| Nandigupta | 1 | 972- 973 |
| Tribhuvana (gupta) | 2 | 973- 975 |
| Bhimagupta | 5 | 975- 980 |
| Didda | 23 | 980-1003 |
| Ruler | Length of Reign | Dates |
| Samgramaraja | 25 | 1003-1028 |
| Hariraja | 22 days | 1028 |
| Ananta | 35 | 1028-1063 |
| Kalasa | 26 | 1063-1089 |
| Utkarsa | 22 days | 1089 |
| Harsa | 12 | 1089-1101 |
| Ruler | Length of Reign | Dates |
| Uccala | 10 | 1101-1111 |
| Radda-S'ankharaja | 1 day | 1111 |
| Salhana | 1 | 1111-1112 |
| Sussala | 8 | 1112-1120 |
| Bhiksacara | 1 | 1120-1121 |
| Sussala (restored) | 7 | 1121-1128 |
| Jayasimha (Simhadeva) Jayasimha was still on the throne when Kalhana completed his history in 1150 A. D. | 22 | 1128 |
Volume 1 of the COMPENDIUM OF WORLD HISTORY exposed the radical new interpretation of history now taught on all levels of modern education. It revealed the fallacy of the 'historical method.' It explained WHY God is left out of history.
Volume I restored the history of ancient Egypt, of Assyria and Babylonia, of Media and India, of Greece, Ireland and Britain.
Volume 2 completes that restoration. For the first time, in this second volume, the early history of Europe will be made plain. Its connection with the New World, with American Indian civilization, with the early Biblical heroes is an astounding revelation.
Introduction
Early History of Germany
Antiquity of the German Reich
Germans Shape World Affairs
The Answer Found
Did the Assyrians Invade Europe?
What Did Assyrians Look Like?
Why Germans Call Themselves 'Deutschen'
What Language Did They Speak?
Semitic by Race, Not Language
The Ancient Kings of the Germans
The Early Settlers of Europe
Kings of Ancient Germany
Abraham in Early European History
Europe's Early History Suppressed
Abraham in the Austrian Chronicle
Jews Gain Power in Danube Civilization
Jewish Kings from Austrian Chronicle
End of Jewish Predominance
The Conquests of Odin and Danish History
What the History of Denmark Reveals
The Genealogy of Dan I
'Hu the Mighty'
The Kings of Denmark
Denmark Enters Roman History
Christianity Introduced on the Throne
Scotland -- Key to History of New World
What Historians Claim
First Major Settlement
Line of Judah in Scotland
Earliest History of Scotland
Early Line of Scottish Kings
Kings of Cruithne Continued
They Crossed the Atlantic
The Little Ice Age
Whites Did Not Become Indians
American Indian Tradition
Enter Votan
Early Time of Migration
Chronology of Mexico
The History of Toltecs at Tullan
The City-State of Culhaucan
The Chichimecs at Texcoco
The Aztecs
The History of Spain
Only Recently Suppressed
Earliest Kings over the Spanish
Invasion from Africa
Abraham's Children
Chaos in Spain
Time of the Sea Powers
Italy, Home of Pagan Religion
Italy in the Ancient World
What Italian History Reveals
The History of Etruria
The History of the Latins
The Story of the Peruvian Indians
Modern Scholarship Discarded the Facts
What Archaeologists Found
Illustration from Burma
The Inca Rulers
Ancient Persia and Turkestan
Early Kings of Persia
The Second Race
The First Race
Turkestan, Turks and Mongols
Ogus Khan
The History of Armenia
Trojan Migration to France
Trojan Kings of Isauria
Trojan Kings of Sicambria and Pannonia
Kings of Agrippina
Princes of Brabant
Dukes of Brabant
Kings of Frisia
Dukes of Frisia
Second Group of Kings of Frisia
Trojan Kings of the Belgians
Kings of the Celts in Gaul
Further Migrations to France
Sicambrian Kings
The Kings of the Franks
Dukes of the East Franks
The Hapsburgs Enter
The Dukes of Gaul
Kings of France
In Retrospect
History of Sweden and the Saxons
The Record Speaks
Renewed Migration
Dynasty of Yngling
Dynasty of Stenkil
Saxon History
The History of Arabia
Who Were the First Arabs?
The Jorhamites of Hejaz
The Kingdom of Yemen
Arabia's Indian-Ocean Neighbors
The Miracle of the Red Sea
Do Miracles Happen Today?
Background of the Story
Where Is Goshen?
The Land of Rameses
Goshen During the Plagues
The Night of the Exodus
Israel Built Pyramids
What Road Did Israel Take?
Where Are These Places?
Crossing the Red Sea
Egypt Left Desolate
Egypt's Historians Admit What Happened
Journey to Petra
After Mount Sinai -- Where?
What Does 'Kadesh' Mean?
Located in Mount Seir!
Israel Whipped in Seir
Yet Another Proof!
Where Was the 'Wilderness of Wandering'?
Encampments Listed in Order
Bene-Jaakan is Kadesh!
The Return to Kadesh
'Sela' Another Name for Petra
Where Did Aaron Die?
Where Was the King's Highway?
Journey Northward in the Arabah
Petra Occupied by Israel
Where Did the Twelve Apostles Go?
Jesus' Commission Tells
'House of Israel' Identified
What New Testament Reveals
Three Missing Words
Wars Reveal Where
To Whom Did Peter Write?
Remnant of Ten Tribes on Shores of Black Sea
What Greek Historians Report
Simon Peter in Britain!
And Andrew His Brother
And the Other Apostles?
And Ireland Too!
Paul in Britain, Too?
On the Shores of the Caspian Sea
Where Did Matthew Go?
Since the First Man
Scientific Confusion
Why Hypotheses?
Uncovering the Facts
How Geologists Think
Discarding the Facts
Facts of Geology
Confirmation of Genesis One
The World of Adam
The Sin of Cain and Geology
Early Post-Flood World
The Enigma of Dynasty I and II of Kish Resolved
Ethiopian King List
Agdazyan Dynasty
Dynasty of Menelik I
The Christian Sovereigns
Dynasty of Atse
Sovereigns Issued from Zagwe
A Jewish Dynasty
House of Gondar
Tribe of Ori
Line of Ham
Kashmir -- Chronology from the Rajatarangini
Gonandiya Dynasty
Usurping Dynasty
Restored Gonandiya Dynasty
Karkota Dynasty
The Dynasty of Utpala
First Lohara Dynasty
Second Lohara Dynasty
