Myths of Babylonia and Assyria, Index: D-G

INDEX D - G

Dadu (d, Ramman as, 57 .

Dagan (dan), the Babylonian, identical with Ea, 31 ; Nippur temple of, 131 ; under Isin Dynasty, 132 .

Dagda (dagda), the Irish corn god, 33 , 238 .

Dagon (dagon), Jah and Ea as, 31 ; Dagan and, 31 , 32 ; as a fish and corn deity, 32 ; Baal-dagon and, 32 ; offering of mice to, 32 , 33 .

Daguna (dna), Dagon and Dagan and, 31 .

Daityas (daityăs), the Indian, like Babylonian demons, 34 .

Damascius, on Babylonian deities, 328 .

Damascus, Aramn state of, 390 ; Israel and Judah subject to, 395 , 396 ; Asa's appeal to, 404 ; conflict with Assyria, 407 ; Judah and Israel allied against, 408 ; murder of Ben-hadad II, 410 ; Palestine subject to, 414 ; Israel overcomes, 449 ; conquered by Adad-nirari IV, 438 , 439 .

Damik-ilishu (dam-ik-il-ish, last king of Isin Dynasty, 133 .

Damkina (damki-na), wife of Ea, 33 , 34 ; demon attendants of, 63 ; as mother of Ea, 105 ; as mother of Enlil, 139 ; Zerpanitumand, 160 ; association of with moon, 436 ; creatrix and, 437 .

Damu (d, the fairy goddess of dreams, 77 , 78 .

Danavas (dăvas), the Indian, like Babylonian demons, 34 .

Dancing, the constellations, 333 .

Danes, harvest god as patriarch of, 92 .

Daniel, Nebuchadrezzar's "fiery furnace", 349 .

Danu (dn, the Irish goddess, 268 .

Daonus or Daos, the shepherd, Tammuz as, 83 , 86 .

Darius I, claims to be Achenian, 496 ; plots against Merodach cult, 497 .

Darius II, death of at Babylon, 497 .

Darius III, Alexander the Great overthrows, 497 .

Dasa (dă), the Indian, as "foreign devil", 67 .

Dasyu (dhyoo), the Indian, as "foreign devil", 67 .

Date palm, in Babylonia, 25 .

David, the ephod used by, 213 , 214 , 388 .

Dead, the, Nergal lord of, 56 ; ghosts of searching for food, 70 , 71 ; Osiris lord of, 86 ; charms, weapons, and food for, 206 ; "houses" of, 206 -208 ; spirits of as warriors and fishermen, 212 .

Death, eagle of, 168 ; the Roman, 169 ; Hercules and, 170 .

Death, the sea of, in Gilgamesh epic, 178 et seq.

Death, the stream of, 56 .

Deer, associated with Lagash goddess, 120 .

Deities, the local, 43 , 44 ; food and water required by, 44 ; the mead of, 45 ; early groups of in Egypt and Sumeria, 105 , 106 ; made drunk at banquet, 144 .

Deluge Legend, Smith translates, xxii. . See Flood Legends.

Demeter (de-meter), the goddess, Poseidon as lover of, 33 , 103 .

Demons, the Babylonian Ocean, 34 ; gods as, 35 , 62 , 135 ; Enlil lord of, 35 , 63 ; Tiamat and Apsu as, 37 , 38 , 64 ; Tiamat's brood, 140 , 141 , 214 , 215 ; "ceremonies of riddance", 58 ; as sources of misfortune, 60 ; in images, 61 ; the winged bull, &c., 65 ; the "will-o-the-wisp", 66 , 67 ; Anu as father of, 63 , 68 ; as lovers, 67 , 68 ; Adam's first wife Lilith, 67 ; ghosts as, 69 , 215 ; penetrate everywhere, 71 , 72 ; as pigs, horses, goats, &c., 71 ; Set pig of Egypt, 85 ; as wind hags, 72 , 73 ; the Zu bird, 74 ; Indian eagle, 166 ; association of with gods, 76 ; the serpent mother one of the, 74 -76 ; the Jinn, 78 ; as composite monsters, 79 ; the Teutonic Beli, 95 ; in mythology and folk lore, 151 et seq.; the Gorgons, 159 ; King of Cuthah's battle against, 214 , 215 ; disease germs as, 234 .

De Morgan, pottery finds by, 263 .

Derceto (der-keto), fish goddess, Semiramis and, 277 , 418 , 423 ; mermaid form of, 426 ; Atargatis legend, 426 , 427 ; dove symbol of, 432 ; legends attached to, 437 .

De Sarzec, M., xxiii .

"Descent of Ishtar", poem, 95 et seq.

Destroyer, the, "World Mother" as, xxx , 100 ; Ninip as, 53 ; goddess Nin-sun as, 57 ; Enlil and Nergal as, 62 , 63 , 303 ; Egyptian and Indian deities as, 63 , 85 , 157 , 336 ; Cronos as, 64 ; "Shedu" bull as, 65 ; Set boar as, 85 ; Babylonian boar god as, 86 ; eagle as, 168 , 169 ; "winged disk" as, 336 ; sun as, 336 ; Thor, Ashur, Tammuz, and Indra each as, 340 .

Diarmid, the Celtic, Tammuz-Adonis and, 84 , 87 ; water of life myth, 186 , 187 ; Totemic boar and, 293 .

Dietrich (dētrēch: 'ch' as in loch) as the thunder god, 74 , 164 .

Diodorus, on Babylonian star lore, 309 .

Disease, Nergal the god of, 53 , 54 ; goddess of, 77 ; demons of, 60 , 63 , 77 .

Divorce, in Babylonia, 227 .

Doctors, laws regarding, 230 , 231 ; Herodotus on, 231 ; Assyrian king and, 231 , 232 .

Doves, goddesses and, 418 ; Semiramis protected after birth by, 424 ; goddess of Cyprus and, 426 ; Aphrodite and, 427 ; Ishtar and Gula and, 427 , 428 ; associated with temples and homes, 428 ; in Gilgamesh epic, 428 ; deities identified with, 429 ; ravens and, 429 ; sacred at Mycen 430 ; snakes and in Crete, 430 ; sacred among Semites and Hittites, 430 ; Egyptian lovers and, 431 ; pigeon lore in England, Ireland, and Scotland, 431 ; fish and, 432 ; Totemic theory, 432 et seq.; antiquity of veneration of, 433 , 434 ; sacrificed in Israel, 439 ; the Persian eagle legend and, 493 .

Dragon, the, of Babylon, 62 ; in group of seven spirits, 63 ; Tiamat as the female, 38 , 64 ; Tiamat as ocean, 15 , as "fire drake", "worm", &c., 151 ; "Ku-pu" of Tiamat, 147 ; heart of, 147 n.; liver vulnerable part of, 153 ; the male, 156 (see Apsu); Biblical references to, 114 , 157 , 158 ; Eur-Asian variations of myth of, 151 , 152 ; well of at Jerusalem, 152 ; the Egyptian, 156 ; Sutekh as slayer of, 157 ; Merodach as slayer of (see Merodach).

Drake, the Fire, the Babylonian, 66 , 67 ; dragon as, 151 .

Dreams, the fairy goddess of, 77 , 78 .

Drink traffic, women monopolized in Babylonia, 229 .

Drinking customs, religious aspect of, 45 ; inspiration from blood, 48 ; the gods drunk at Anshar's banquet, 144 .

Dungi (dgi), King of Ur, 130 ; daughters of as rulers, 130 ; an Ea worshipper, 131 .

Dyaus (rhymes with "mouse"), displaced by Indra, 302 .

Dying gods, the eternal goddess and the, 101 et seq.; death a change of form, 305 .

Ea (ā, god of the deep, Ashurbanipal and, xxii , xxiii ; a typical Babylonian god, xxviii , xxix , 27 ; Oannes and, 27 , 30 ; as world artisan like Ptah and Indra, 30 ; connection of with sea and Euphrates, 28 , 29 , 39 ; as sea-demon, 62 ; names of, 30 , 39 , as fish and corn god, 32 ; Dagon, Poseidon, Neptune, Frey, Shony, &c., and, 31 , 33 ; Dagon and Dagan, 31 ; Ea as Dagan at Nippur, 131 ; as Ya, or Jah, of Hebrews, 31 ; fish of, 294 ; Indian Varuna and, 31 , 34 , 209 ; wife of as earth lady, 33 ; wife of as mother, 105 ; Anu and, 34 ; Enlil and, 35 ; demons of, 35 , 63 ; in early triad, 36 , 37 , 463 ; Indian Vishnu and, 38 ; as dragon slayer, 38 , 140 , 153 , 157 ; Adapa, son of, a demon slayer, 72 , 73 ; in demon war, 77 ; as "great magician", 38 , 46 ; moon god and, 40 , 50 , 51 , 53 ; solar attributes of, 50 , 51 , 53 ; food supply and, 43 ; beliefs connected with, 44 ; Nusku as messenger of, 50 ; Nebo a form of, 303 , 435 ; gods that link with, 57 , 58 ; as form of Anshar, 125 ; family of including Merodach and Tammuz, 72 , 73 , 82 ; daughter of, 117 ; Merodach supplants, 158 ; Enlil as son of, 139 ; Ashur as son of, 348 ; planetary gods and, 304 ; worshipped at Lagash, 116 ; earliest form of, 134 ; under Isin Dynasty, 132 ; in Creation legend, 138 et seq.; astral "field" of, 147 , 307 ; constellations and, 296 ; Merodach directs decrees of, 149 ; Etana and eagle visit heaven of, 166 ; in flood legend, 190 et seq.; as Aos, 328 ; the goat and, 333 ; as "high head", 334 ; Sargon II and, 463 .

Ea-bani (ābi), 41 , 42 ; ghost of as "wind gust", 48 , 49 ; goat demi-god, 135 ; lured from the wilds, 173 ; as ally of Gilgamesh, 174 ; Ishtar's wooing, 174 , 175 ; slaying of Ishtar's bull, 176 ; death of, 176 , 177 ; ghost of invoked by Gilgamesh, 183 , 184 .

Eagle, the, Sumerian Zu bird and Indian Garuda eagle, 74 , 75 , 165 , 166 , 168 , 169 , 330 , 346 , 347 ; the lion headed as Nin-Girsu (Tammuz), 120 , 135 ; in Etana myth, 165 ; in Nimrod myth, 166 , 167 ; in Alexander the Great legend, 167 ; in Scottish folk tale, 167 , 168 ; as soul carrier, 168 ; Roman Emperor's soul and, 169 ; Hercules and, 170 , 349 ; Gilgamesh protected at birth by, 171 ; Persian patriarch protected at birth by, 493 ; the Totemic theory, 293 , 493 ; wheel of life and, 346 , 347 ; Ashur and Horus and, 343 ; wings of on Ashur disk, 351 , 352 .

Eagle stone, as a birth charm, 165 .

Eagle tribe, the ancient, 493 .

Eannatum (ā-num), King of Lagash, a great conqueror, 118 , 119 ; rules Ur and Erech, 119 ; works of, 119 ; mound burial in period of, 214 .

Earth children, elves and dwarfs as, 292 , 292 n.

Earth spirits, males among father worshippers, 105 ; the Egyptian, Teutonic, Aryan, and Siberian, 105 ; elves and fairies as, 294 , 295 .

Earth worship, moon and stone worship and, 52 .

Ecclesiastes, "Lay of the Harper", "Song of the Sea Lady" and, 179 , 180 .

Ecke (eck-ā), Tyrolese storm demon, 74 .

Eclipse foretold by Assyrian and Babylonian astronomers, 321 , 322 ; the Ahaz sundial record, 323 ; Babylonian records of, 324 ; in reign of Ashur-dan III, 442 .

Ecliptic, when divided, 322 .

Edinburgh, the giant Arthur of, 164 .

Edom, Judah and, 402 , 409 , 448 ; tribute from to Assyria, 439 .

Education, in Hammurabi Age, 251 .

Egg, the, goddess Atargatis born of, 28 , 426 ; thorn as life in, 352 .

Egypt, agricultural festivals in, xxxi ; debt of modern world to, xxxv ; prehistoric agriculture in, 6 ; Mediterranean race in, 7 ; early shaving customs, 5 , 9 , 10 ; theory copper first used in, 12 ; social status of women in, 16 ; early gods of and Sumerian, 26 , 36 , 37 ; creative tears of deities of; 45 ; lunar worship in, 52 ; god and goddess cults in, 105 ; Great Mother Nut of, 166 ; at dawn of Sumerian history, 114 ; bearded deities of, 136 ; dragon of, 156 ; "Lay of Harper" and Sumerian "Song of Sea Lady", 178 , 179 ; flood legend of, 197 ; feast of dead in, 206 ; burial customs and Sumerian, 209 -214 ; Hyksos invasion and Hittite raid on Babylon, 259 ; culture debt of to Syria, 275 ; prehistoric Armenoid invasion of, 11 , 263 ; prehistoric black foreign pottery, 263 ; Totemism in, 292 -295 , 432 -433 ; Syrian empire of lost, 284 ; fairies and elves of, 294 ; Pharaoh displaces gods in, 295 ; doctrine of mythical ages in, 315 ; the phoenix, 330 ; the "man in the sun", 336 : Neith as a thunder goddess, 337 , 337 n.; Ankh symbol, 347 ; influence of Hittites in, 364 ; wars with Hittites, 365 , 366 ; Cretans and sea raiders, 378 ; Hebrews and, 388 ; "mother right" in, 418 ; sacred pigeons in, 428 ; fosters revolt against Sargon II, 457 ; Pharaoh and Piru of Mutsri, 458 and n.; Sennacherib defeats army of, 465 ; intrigues against Assyria, 465 , 471 ; as Assyrian province, 475 ; Ashur-bani-pal and, 482 , 484 ; Assyrian yoke shaken off, 486 ; Scythians on frontier of, 488 ; after Assyria's fall, 489 ; Hophra plots against Nebuchadnezzar II, 491 .

Elah, King of Israel, 405 .

Elam, prehistoric pottery of, 5 , 263 ; copper from, 130 ; British influence in, 357 ; caravan routes of, 361 .

Elamites, relations with early Sumerians, 111 ; defeated by Eannatum of Lagash, 118 ; raid on Lagash by, 121 ; Sargon of Akkad defeats, 127 ; Ur dynasty overthrown by, 131 ; in Hammurabi Age, 217 ; conquests of Warad-Sin and Rim-Sin, 217 ; King Sin-muballit's struggle with, 242 , 243 ; Medes and, 244 ; King of and Abraham, 247 ; in Syria, 247 ; driven from Babylonia, 249 ; in Kassite period, 274 , 370 , 380 , 381 ; connection of with early Assyria, 278 ; struggle for trade expansion, 361 et seq.; Babylonian raid, 369 ; during Solomon period, 391 ; Esarhaddon and, 472 ; Ashur-bani-pal subdues, 484 , 485 .

Elisha, call of Jehu, 409 , 410 ; call of Hazael, 410 , 411 .

Elves, the Babylonian, 67 ; as lovers, 68 ; origin of conception of, 79 , 80 , 292 ; like Indian Ribhus and Siberian "masters" 105 ; the European, Egyptian, and Indian, 294 ; human bargains with, 294 , 295 .

Enannatum I (en-an-num) of Lagash, defeats Umma force, 119 .

Enannatum II, King of Lagash, last of Ur-Nina's line, 120 .

England, the ancestral giant of, 42 ; spitting customs in, 47 ; return of dead dreaded in, 70 , 70 n.; Black Annis, the wind hag, 73 , 101 ; fairies and elves of, 80 , 186 ; the "fire drake" of, 151 ; "Long Meg" a hag of, 156 ; "Long Tom" a giant of, 156 ; pigeon lore in, 431 .

Enki (ānki), "lord of the world", Ea as, 31 . See Ea.

Enlil, god of Nippur and elder Bel, lord of demons, 35 ; spouse of, 36 ; in early group of deities, 37 ; like Indian Shiva, 38 ; deities that link with, 35 , 57 , 271 , 272 ; as destroyer, 62 , 63 ; "fates" as sons of, 80 ; Ur Nina worshipped, 116 ; as son of Ann, 124 ; as son of Ea, 139 ; Ninip as son and father of, 53 , 158 , 302 ; during Isis Dynasty, 132 ; astral "field" of, 147 ; Merodach directs decrees of, 149 ; as corn god, 159 ; monotheism of cult of, 161 ; temple of as "world house", 35 , 332 ; as bull and "high head", 334 ; Etana in heaven of, 166 ; also rendered Ellil. See Bel.

Enlil-bani (enlil-bi), King of Isin, a usurper like Sargon, 133 .

En-Mersi (en-mersi), a form of Tammuz, 116 .

Enneads, the Babylonian and Egyptian, 36 .

Entemena (en-temen-a), King of Lagash, Umma subdued by, 119 , 120 ; famous silver vase of, 120 ; worshipped as a god, 257 , 258 .

Ephod, the, used by David, 213 , 214 .

Ephron the Hittite, 12 .

Equinoxes, precession of, where law of discovered: Greece or Babylonia? 320 , 320 n., 322 .

Erech, Ann god of, 34 ; gods of become flies and mice, 41 ; destroying sun goddess of, 57 ; Ur-Nina and, 116 ; under Lagash, 119 ; an ancient capital, 124 , 125 ; rise of after Akkad, 129 ; moon god at, 130 ; in Gilgamesh epic, 172 et seq.; in revolt against Ashur-bani-pal, 484 ; Nabonidus and, 492 .

Eresh-ki-gal (eresh-kig), goddess of death, 53 ; Nergal husband and conqueror of, 53 , 54 , 204 , 205 , 303 ; as a Norn, 77 ; "Fates" as sons of, So; as wife of Enlil, 80 ; Germanic hag like, 95 ; punishment of Ishtar by, 96 , 97 ; as destroyer, 100 .

Eridu (eri-d, once a seaport, 22 , 25 , 38 ; Ea the god of, 27 ; sanctity of, 38 , 39 .

Eros, Greek love god, 90 .

E-sagila (e-si-la), Merodach's temple, 221 ; Hammurabi and, 252 ; in Kassite Age, 274 ; as symbol of world hill, 332 ; sacked by Sennacherib, 468 ; gods of Ur, Erech, Larsa, and Eridu in, 492 , 493 ; Xerxes pillages, 497 ; Alexander the Great repairs, 497 ; decay of, 498 .

Esarhaddon (esar-haddon), character of, 470 ; Babylonian wife of, 471 ; Egypto-Syrian league against, 471 , 472 ; Queen Nakia regent of, 472 ; alliance with Urartu, 473 ; sack of Sidon, 473 ; Manasseh's revolt, 474 ; invasion of Egypt, 475 ; revolt in Assyria, 476 ; successors chosen by, 476 ; death of, 476 .

Esau, Hittite wives of; 266 .

Etana (e-t, Zu bird myth and, 74 -76 ; quest of the "Plant of Birth", 164 , 165 ; flight with eagle to heavens, 165 , 166 .

Eternal goddess, the, husbands of die annually, 101 et seq.

Ethnology, folk beliefs and, xxvi .

Euphrates, the river, 22 ; as "the soul of the land", 23 ; rise and fall of, 24 ; as the creator, 29 .

Europe, lunar worship in, 52 ; Armenoid invasion of, 264 .

Evans, Sir Arthur, pottery finds by, 263 .

Evil eye, the, 235 , 236 .

"Evil Merodach", King of Babylon, 492 .

Evolution, in Babylonian religion, xxxiv .

Ezekiel, on fire-worshipping ceremony, 50 ; Tammuz weeping, 82 ; on ethnics of Jerusalem, 246 ; on Hittite characteristics, 266 ; Assyria the cedar, 340 , 341 ; the wheel of life symbol, 344 et seq.

Ezra, return of Jewish captives with, 496 .

Face paint, for the dead, 206 ; why used for dead, living, and gods, 212 .

Fafner dragon, 156 .

Fairies, the Babylonian, 67 ; origin of, 79 , 80 ; green like other spirits, 186 ; the European, Egyptian, and Indian, 294 ; human bargains with, 294 , 295 ; birds as, 429 .

Farm labourers, scarcity of in Babylonia, 256 .

Farnell, Dr., on pre-Hellenic religion, 104 ; on racial gods in Greece, 105 .

Fates, the birds as, 65 ,147 n., 427 n.,430 ; as servants of Anu, 77 ; moon as chief of the, 301 ; oldest deities as, 317 ; on St. Valentine's Day, 430 ; Aphrodite and Ishtar as, 433 .

Father, the Great, Anu as, 38 ; Ramman-Hadad as, 57 ; Apsu, the chaos demon as, 64 ; Osiris as, 99 ; shadowy spouse of, Too; nomadic people and, 105 ; worshipped by Hatti, xxx , 268 , 420 .

Father and son conflict; younger god displaces elder, Ninip and Enlil, Merodach and Ea, Indra and Dyaus myths, 158 ; Osiris and Horus, 159 ; in astral myths, 302 , 303 , 304 , 305 , 348 .

Feast of Dead, 206 .

Fig tree, in Babylonia, 25 :

Finger counting, in Babylonia and India, 311 et seq.

Finn-mac-Coul (finnmac-cool), as hero and god, 87 , 87 n., 88 n.; as mother monster slayer, 153 , 154 ; Beowulf and, 155 ; as a "sleeper", 164 , 394 ; water of life myth, 186 , 187 .

Finns, language of and the Sumerians, 3 ; of Ural-Altaic stock, 4 .

Fire, as vital principle, 50 , 51 ; fire and water ceremonies, 50 , 51 ; the ever-lasting fire in the sea, 50 , 51 ; the Babylonian "Will-o-the-wisp", 66 ; Eagle and, 169 ; the May Day, 348 ; ceremony of riddance, 349 ; Babylonian burnings, 348 ; Nimrod's pyre, 349 , 350 ; Tophet, 350 ; royal burnings in Israel and Judah, 350 , 351 .

Fire drake, the Babylonian, 66 , 151 .

Fire gods, the Babylonian and Indian, 49 .

First born, sacrifice of, 50 .

Fish deities, Sumerian Ea and Indian Brahma and Vishnu as, 27 , 28 ; in Eur-Asian legends, 28 ; Sumerian and Egyptian, 29 ; connection of with corn, 29 , 32 ; goddess of Lagash, 117 ; Western Asian fish goddesses, 277 , 418 , 423 , 426 ; dove symbol of, 431 , 432 ; Totemism and, 294 .

Flies, gods turn to, 41 .

Flood legend, the Babylonian, 24 , 55 , 190 et seq.; the Greek, 195 ; the Indian, xxvi , 196 ; the Irish, 196 ; the Egyptian, 197 ; the American, 197 , 198 ; the Biblical, 198 , 199 .

Folk cures, the ancient, 6 ,, 231 , 232 -234 .

Folk lore, mythology and, xxv , xxxiv , 42 , 151 et seq., 189 ; ethnology in, xxvi .

Food of death, 44 .

Food of the gods, 44 .

Food supply, religion and the, 42 , 43 .

"Foreign devils", the Babylonian and Indian, 67 .

Four quarters, the, in astronomy, 307 ; lunar divisions, 323 .

Fowl, inspiration from blood of, 48 .

France, skull forms in Dordogne valley, 8 ; Syrian railways of, 357 .

Frazer, Professor, xxv; "homogeneity of beliefs", xxvi; Adonis garden, 171 , 172 ; Hercules and Melkarth, 348 ; on Semiramis legend, 424 , 425 .

Frey (frī), the Germanic patriarch and corn god, 33 , 93 , 94 ; links with Tammuz myth, 95 , 116 , 204 .

Freyja (frīya), the Germanic eternal goddess, 102 ; lovers of, 102 .

Frigg, Germanic goddess, lovers of, 103 .

Frode (frōdē). See Frey.

Gabriel, Abraham rescued from Nimrod's pyre by, 349 , 350 .

Gaga (ga), messenger of Anshar, 143 .

Gallu (gl, as "foreign devil", 65 -67 .

Gandash (gdash), Kassite king, 271 .

Ganga (găng, the Indian goddess, as king's lover, 68 .

"Garden of Adonis", 171 , 172 .

Gardens, the Hanging, of Babylon, 220 .

Garstang, Professor, on fall of Hatti and god cult, 268 ; on Totemic Adonis boar, 293 , 294 ; Hittite Sandan disk, 348 .

Garuda (găr-oodă), Indian eagle god, Zu bird and, xxvi; myth of, 74 , 75 ; Etana eagle and, 165 ; sons of, 166 ; identified with Agni, Brahma, Indra, Yama, &c., t68 , 169 ; wheel of life and, 346 , 347 .

Gauls, Hittite raiders like the, 261 ; gods of and the Babylonian, 316 , 317 . Germ theory, anticipated by Babylonians, 61 , 234 .

Germany, double-headed eagle of, 168 ; the Baghdad railway, 357 .

Gezer cave dwellings, 10 ; cremation practised in, 11 .

Ghosts, "wind gusts" as, 48 , 49 ; associated with demons, 60 , 215 , 216 ; as birds, 65 ; as death bringers, 69 , 295 ; the terrible mothers, 69 ; where dreaded and where invoked, 69 , 70 ; Babylonian "night prowlers", 70 ; food required by, 70 , 212 , 213 ; Ishtar's threat to raise, 215 ; King of Cuthah and, 215 , 216 ; as "Fates" and enemies of the living, 295 ; worship of, 295 ; Orion and Jupiter as, 305 .

Giants, the British Alban, 42 ; the Babylonian, 71 ; graves of, 296 .

Gibil (gibil), fire god, Nusku and, 353 .

Gilgamesh (gilgmesh), the Babylonian Hercules, 41 ; revelation of ghost to, 48 , 49 , 183 , 184 ; quest of, 164 ; birth legend of, 171 ; eagle rescues, 171 ; lord of Erech, 172 ; coming of Ea-bani, 173 ; Ishtar's fatal love of, 174 ; "La Belle Dame Sans Merci", 174 , 175 ; Ishtar spurned by, 99 , 176 ; Ishtar's bull slain, 176 ; death of Ea-bani, 176 ; quest of Water of Life and Plant of Life, 177 ; the mountain tunnel and Sea of Death, 178 ; song of the Sea Lady, 178 , 179 ; reaches Pir-napishtim's island, 180 ; ancestor's revelation to and magic food, 182 ; plant of life, 183 ; Earth Lion robs, 183 ; Germanic gods and heroes and, 184 , 185 ; flood legend revealed to, 190 et seq.; Tammuz and, 210 ; Ashur and, 336 ; Persian eagle and, 493 .

Gillies, Dr. Cameron, on Scottish folk cures, 232 , 233 .

Gira (gira), the god, 42 .

Girru (girr, the fire god, 49 .

Gish B, the fire god, 49 .

Goat, inspiration from blood of, 48 ; demons enter the, 71 ; on Lagash vase, 120 ; the six-headed, 332 ; the satyr or astral goat man, 333 ; the white kid of Tammuz, 85 , 333 ; the Arabic "kid" star, 333 ; associated with Anshar, Agni, Varuna, Ea, and Thor, 329 , 333 , 334 ; forehead symbol of like Apis symbol, 334 ; Minerva's shield has skin of, 337 .

Goblin, the Babylonian, 66 .

God, the Dead, grave of Osiris, 296 ; also alive and in various forms, 297 . God cult, fusion of with goddess cult, 105 .

Goddesses, at once mothers, wives, and daughters of gods, 99 , 101 , 436 ; husbands of die annually, 101 et seq.; lovers of various, 102 ; of Mediterranean racial tribes, 105 ; Ishtar as "La Belle Dame Sans Merci", 174 -176 ; the Semiramis legend, 417 et seq.

Gods, Babylonian and Egyptian groups, 36 , 37 ; the younger and elder, 149 ; why Sumerian were bearded, 135 -137 .

Goodspeed, Professor, on early astronomy, 321 , 322 .

Gorgons, the, Tiamat and, 159 .

Graves, charms and weapons in, 206 ; as houses of dead, 206 , 208 ; of gods and giants, 296 .

Great Mother, the, forms of, 36 ; Hittite and Sumerian forms, 267 ; Anaitis, Ate, Cybele, Ishtar, Isis, Astarte, Ashtoreth, and Atargatis, 267 ; Kadesh, Anthat, and Danu, 268 .

Greece, spitting customs in, 46 , 47 ; blood drinking in, 48 ; wanton goddesses of, 104 ; imported gods in, 105 ; dragon myths of, 151 , 152 ; eagle connected with birth and death in, 168 ; flood legend of, 195 , 196 ; "Island of Blessed", 203 ; star myths of, 300 ; Babylonian culture reached through Hittites, 306 ; doctrine of world's ages, 310 et seq.; pre-Hellenic beliefs in, 84 , 104 , 317 ; astrology in, 318 et seq.; astronomy in, 316 , 319 et seq.; in pre-Phrygian period, 386 ; fusion of races in, 393 .

Greeks of Cilicia, Ashur-bani-pal and, 484 . See Ionians.

Green, a supernatural colour, 186 .

"Grey Eyebrows", a Gaelic hag, 87 ; myth of, 101 .

Gudea (ge-a), King of Lagash, sculptures, buildings, and trade of, xxiii , 129 , 130 ; bearded gods of, 136 .

Gula (gool, mother goddess, 100 ; Bau and, 116 ; feast of, 476 .

Gungunu (gg-, King of Ur, 132 .

Guns, called after giants "Long Meg" and "Long Tom", 156 .

Gutium (gium), northern mountaineers, 128 , 129 , 264 ; demons and, 307 .

Gyges (gȳjes), King of Lydia, emissaries of visit Nineveh, 483 , 486 .

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