Myths of Babylonia and Assyria, Index: M-R

INDEX M - R

Ma, the goddess, serpent form of, 76 ; Tiamat and, 150 ; goddess of Comana, 267 .

Magic and poetry, 236 et seq.

Magician, the great, Ea as, 38 .

Magyars, language of and the Sumerian, 3 .

Mahabharata, the (măhha″rătă), 67 , 68 ; the various Indras in, 10 t; Karna myth in, 126 ; eagle myth, 166 ; Bhima like Gilgamesh in, 187 ; Naturalism and Totemism in, 291 , 292 , 293 ; the "wheel of life" in, 346 -347 ; the Shakuntala legend in, 423 , 424 .

Mama (m, the mother goddess, 57 , 267 ; as Creatrix, 100 .

Man, creation of, 38 ; Ea desired, 148 ; Merodach sheds blood for, 148 ; Berosus legend, 148 , 149 , 150 .

Man bull, the winged, 65 .

Manasseh, King of Judah, idolatries of, 473 ; legend of Isaiah's end, 474 ; captivity of, 474 ; Ashur-bani-pal and, 486 .

Manishtusu (m-ish-t, successor of Sargon I, empire of, 127 .

Mannai (mnai), state of, 473 , 486 .

Manu (mănoo), the Indian patriarch, like Babylonian Noah, 27 ; the fish and flood myth, 27 , 28 , 196 .

Mara (ma), the European demon of nightmare, 69 .

Marduk (mduk). See Merodach.

Marduk-balatsu-ikbi (marduk-balatsik-bi), King of Babylonia, defeat of by Shamshi-Adad VII, 415 , 416 .

Marduk-bel-usate (marduk-bel-se), revolt of in Babylonia, 408 , 409 .

Marduk-zakir-shum (marduk-zkir-sh), King of Babylonia, 408 ; a vassal of Assyria, 409 .

Mari (mi), king of Damascus, as the Biblical Ben Hadad III, 438 , 439 .

Marriage contracts, in Hammurabi code, 225 et seq.

Marriage market of Babylon, the, 224 , 225 .

Marriage of deities, the Hittite, 268 . Mars, Horus as, 300 , 304 ; month of, 305 ; as "bronze fish stone", 314 ; the Gaulish mule god as, 316 ; in astrology, 318 .

Mars, Nergal, wolf planet of pestilence, as, 301 , 303 , 316 .

Mars, the planet, boar slayer of Adonis as, 87 ; in sun and moon group, 301 .

Maruts (măroots), the Indian, like Anu's demons, 34 , 64 .

Mashi (mhi), the mountain of, in Gilgamesh epic, 177 , 178 .

Maspero, Professor, on antiquity of Hittites, 264 ; on Assyrian colonists, 456 .

"Masters, the", Burial earth and air spirits, 105 .

Mati-ilu (mati-il, of Agusi, relations of with Assyria and Urartu, 443 , 446 , 447 ; overthrow of by Tiglath-pileser IV.

Mattiuza (mat-ti-a), King of Mitanni, flight of, 283 ; as Hittite vassal, 284 .

May Day, fire ceremonies of, 50 .

Mead, of the gods, 45 ; blood as, 48 ; eagle steals, 74 .

Measurer, the, moon as, 52 .

Medes, III; in Hammurabi Age, 244 ; Sargon II and, 460 ; Ashur-bani-pal and, 486 ; and fall of Nineveh, 488 ; Scythians and, 472 , 488 ; alliance of with Lydia, 494 ; Cyrus as King of, 493 .

Mediterranean Race, the, Basques a variation of, 3 ; Sumerians and proto-Egyptians of, 7 , 8 ; Cretans of, 8 ; Ripley traces in Asia, 8 , 9 , 11 ; in Africa and Europe, 9 ; "cradle" of, 39 ; Tammuz-Adonis myth and, 85 ; mother worship and status of women in, 104 , 105 , 108 , 420 et seq.; in Hittite confederacy, 266 ; the Biblical Cushites and Hamites and, 276 .

Medusa, Tiamat and, 159 .

Meg, Long. See Long Meg.

Melkarth (melkth), children sacrificed to, 171 ; Hercules and, 348 ; burning of, 349 .

Memphis (memphis), Assyrians fight Ethiopians at, 475 , 483 .

Men, in worship of mother goddess, 107 , 108 .

Menahem (menhem), King of Israel, pays tribute to Assyria, 449 .

Meneptah (men-ētor mene-t, King of Egypt, relations of with Hittites, 378 ; sea raiders defeated by, 378 , 379 .

Menuas (men), King of Urartu, 440 ; conquests of, 441 .

Mercury, the planet; in sun and moon group, 301 ; Nebo as, 301 , 302 ; month of, 305 ; the "face voice of light", 314 ; "lapis lazuli" star, 314 ; the Gaulish boar god as, 316 , 317 ; in astrology, 318 .

Mermaids, the Babylonian, 34 .

Mermer (mermer), a name of Nebo and Ramman, 303 .

Merodach (merō-dach), the god: creation of mankind, xxix , 148 ; Damkina and, 34 ; Enlil as older Bel than, 35 ; Ea and, 38 ; water of life belief, 44 ; Nusku as messenger of, 50 ; in demon war, 77 ; brothers and sister of, 82 ; Zamama of Kish and, 126 ; rise of, 134 ; Anshar's appeal to in Creation legend, 142 ; the avenger, 143 ; proclaimed king of the gods, 144 ; weapons and steeds of, 145 ; Tiamat slain, and brood of captured by, 146 ; eats "Ku-pu" of Tiamat, 147 , 147 n., 153 ; forms earth and sky, 147 , 328 ; creates stars of Zodiac, 147 ; lunar and solar decrees of, 148 ; other deities and, 34 , 35 , 38 , 149 , 158 , 159 , 298 , 299 , 303 , 316 , 336 , 337 , 348 , 354 , 420 ; hymn to, 149 , 150 , 161 ; as Tammuz, 158 ; Osiris and, 159 , 298 , 354 ; Perseus and, 159 ; Nimrod and, 167 , 277 , 343 ; temple of, 221 ; Hammurabi Age kings and, 241 -242 , 252 ; Hittites carry off image of, 261 , 262 , 269 , 272 ; Kassites and, 272 , 274 , 372 ; complex character of, 298 , 299 ; stars of, 296 , 299 , 300 , 305 ; Jupiter form of as sun ghost, 305 ; Nebo and, 303 , 435 ; month of, 305 ; goddesses and, 221 , 299 , 316 , 420 ; world hill and, 332 ; as "high head", 334 ; Ashur and, 336 , 337 , 348 , 354 ; image at Asshur, 468 , 469 ; restoration of, 481 , 482 ; ceremony of "taking hands" of, 480 , 481 ; Cyrus and, 493 , 495 ; Ahura Mazda and, 496 ; Darius I and, 497 ; Xerxes pillages temple of, 497 ; Alexander the Great and, 497 ; late worship of, 498 .

Merodach Baladan (mero-dach balad-an), King of Babylon, 457 ; second reign of, 465 ; death of, 468 ; sons of and Esarhaddon, 471 .

Mesopotamia, present-day racial types in, 8 ; Assyria and Babylonia struggle to control, 286 , 381 , 382 , 384 ; under Kassites, 358 , 360 , 361 ; atrocities of Ashur-natsir-pal III in, 397 .

Messenger of gods, Sumerian Nusku and India Agni as, 50 ; Papsukel as, 97 ; Gaga as, 143 .

Metals, the northern Mesopotamia, 25 .

Mexico, the terrible mother ghost of, 69 .

Meyer, Professor Kuno, 101 , 102 .

Micah, the prophet, 405 , 406 .

Mice, the golden, Dagon offering of, 32 , 33 ; gods as, 41 ; as destroyers of Sennacherib's army, 466 .

Midas (mīdas), King of Phrygia, Sargon II and, 460 , 462 .

Migrations, earliest from Arabia and Asia Minor, 10 , 11 , 12 ; the Canaanitic or Amorite, 217 ; Median and Iranian, 244 ; the Phnician, 244 , 245 ; of Abraham and Lot, 245 , 246 ; of Hittites to Palestine, 246 ; prehistoric pottery evidence of, 263 ; cults and, 338 ; Aramn, 359 , 360 , 376 -378 ; Achn, 376 -378 ; the Moslem, 377 ; the "Bedouin peril", 392 ; effects of on old empires, 393 .

Milky Way, the, 309 .

Millet, husks of in Egyptian pre-Dynastic bodies, 6 .

Minerva, Neith and, 337 .

Mitanni (mi-tni), Mitra, Indra, &c., gods of, 55 , 269 ; rise of kingdom of, 268 ; Kurds descendants of people of, 270 ; Egypt and, 270 , 271 , 279 , 282 , 358 , 359 ; Kassites and Hyksos and, 270 , 271 , 273 ; Assyria subject to, 270 , 279 ; Merodach's image in, 272 ; in Tell-el-Amarna letters, 281 ; conquered by Hittites, 283 , 284 ; cultural influence of, 316 ; Assyria occupies, 367 .

Mithra (mithr, the Persian god; attributes of, 54 , 55 ; Sumerian gods and, 55 , 56 ; eagle as, 168 , 169 ; Ashur and, 338 ; Cambyses sacrifices Apis bull to, 495 .

Mitra (mitră), Aryo-Indian god, Sham-ash and, 54 ; association of with rain, 55 ; Sumerians and, 55 , 56 ; identified with Yama, 56 , 201 ; links with Agni and Tammuz, 94 ; in Mitanni, 55 , 269 .

Moab, Judah and, 402 .

Mohammed, spitting custom of, 46 .

Moisture of life, gods and, 45 .

Moloch, the god, fire ceremony and, 50 ; children sacrificed to, 171 .

Money, spat on to ensure increase, 47 .

Mongolians, the, Sumerians unlike, 3 , 4 ; elves of, 105 ; Hittites and, 265 , 266 .

Monotheism, in Creation legend, 149 ; Babylonia, 160 , 161 .

Mons Meg, 156 .

Moon, the, water worship and worship of, 45 , 51 ; Nannar (Sin), god of, 40 ; origin of in sea fire, 50 , 51 ; as source of fertility and growth, 52 ; consort and family of, 53 ; Mitra and Varuna as regulators of, 54 ; goblet of, 75 ; in demon war, 76 ; devoured by pig demon, 85 ; god of as father of Isis, 100 ; bi-sexual deity of, 161 , 299 , 301 ; as a planet, 30 ,; forms of god of, 297 , 298 ; Venus and, 314 ; in astrology, 318 ; the "four quarters of", 323 , 324 . See Nannarand Sin.

Moon goddess, the, 53 .

Moses, in Koranwater of life story, 186 .

Mother, the Great, agriculturists and, xxx; as source of food supply, xxxii; destroying goddesses as, 57 ; Tiamat as, 64 , 106 , 140 , 157 ; the serpent as, 74 -76 ; the Gaelic Hag as, 87 ; Ishtar as, 100 , 157 ; Nut of Egypt as, 100 , 106 ; the Aryo-Indian Sri-Lakshmi as, 101 ; lovers of die yearly, 101 et seq.; human sacrifices to, 104 ; worship of in Jerusalem, 106 ; women as offerers to, 106 -108 ; Kish queen and, 114 ; Lagash form of, 116 ; lions, deer, and wild goats of, 120 ; at creation of mankind, 148 ; as star Sirius, 296 ; Semiramis legend and, 436 , 437 . See Mother Worship.

Mother demons, in Sumerian and Anglo-Scottish folk tales, 153 ; Neolithic origin of, 156 .

Mother ghost, the terrible, in Western Asia, India, and Mexico, 69 ; Buriats plead with, 69 , 70 .

"Mother of Mendes", the, Egyptian fish and corn deity, 29 ; Nina and, 117 .

"Mother right", Hittites and, 418 ; Darius I succeeds through, 496 .

Mother worship, in Mediterranean racial areas, 104 , 105 ; in Semiramis Age, 417 et seq.; Queen Tiy and, 434 ; goddesses as mother, wife, and daughter of god, 436 ; Sargon 11 and, 463 ; Esarhaddon and, 471 ; Ashur-bani-pal and, 486 ; Artaxerxes promotes, 497 .

Mothers, the twin, Isis and Nepthys as, 99 .

Moulton, Professor, on Indian conception of conscience, 54 ; on Mithraism, 201 .

Mountain gods, Enlil and the, 35 .

"Mountain of the West", Olympus as, 332 ; temples as symbols of, 332 . Mountains, as totems, 291 , 292 .

Mouse, god as a, 296 .

Mulla, Gaulish mule god, as Mars, 316 .

Mulla (mla), the "Will-o-the-wisp", 66 et seq.

Mler, Max, on lunar chronology, 312 .

Mummu (mm, plots with Apsu and Tiamat, 139 , 140 ; overcome by Ea, 140 , 142 .

Mummu-Tiamat, or Tiawath. See Tiamat.

Mursil (msil), King of Hittites, 364 ; conquests of Egypt, 364 .

Music, magical origin of, 238 .

Muski (mooshkee), overlords of Hittites, 380 ; Hittites freed from yoke of, 386 ; Thraco-Phrygian kingdom of, 395 ; Assyrians fight with, 397 ; the Biblical Meshech, 464 .

M, Egyptian cult of, 105 , 418 ; Aton and, 419 .

Mutallu (ml, Hittite king, wars of with Rameses II, 365 , 366 . Mysticism, the "lord of many existences" 297 , 299 ; Osiris as father, husband, son, &c., 297 ; Babylonian and Egyptian, 297 , 298 ; forms of Horus, 300 , 304 ; "world soul" conception, 304 ; father and son gods identical, 304 , 305 ; Anshar and Anu and "self power", 328 ; Ashur and Brahma, 328 .

Nabonidus (na-bonid-us), King of Babylonia, religious innovations of, 492 , 493 ; relations with Cyrus, 494 , 495 .

No-pol-sar, King of Babylon, 487 ; alliance of with Medes, 488 ; fall of Nineveh, 488 ; Cyaxares the ally of, 493 .

Nabu (n. See Nebo.

Nabu-aplu-iddin (nabu-ap-lu-iddin), King of Babylon, 408 .

Nabu-naid, King of Babylonia. See Nabonidus.

Nadab (nadab), King of Israel, 403 .

Nahum, the doom of Nineveh, 477 , 478 , 488 .

Nakia, queen mother of Esarhaddon, 470 ; reigns in absence of Esarhaddon, 472 ; coronation of Ashur-bani-pal, 480 .

Namtar (ntar), demon of disease, smites Ishtar in Hades, 97 .

Nana (n, goddess of Erech, 124 , 125 ; statue of 163 5 years in Elam, 485 .

Nannar (nnar), moon god, origin of name of, 52 ; consort and children of, 53 ; as father of Isis, 100 ; as a bi-sexual deity, 161 , 299 ; cult of in Kish, 241 ; as bull of heaven, 334 ; Ishtar and, 436 . See Moonand Sin.

Naram-Sin (nam-sin), King of Akkad, famous stele of, 128 ; great empire of, 129 ; pigtails worn by enemies of, 265 .

Naturalism, xxxiii ; the conception of "self power", 291 ; Sumerian and Indian beliefs, 291 , 292 , 304 , 328 , 329 ; Totemism and, 293 et seq.; various co-existing forms of deities, 297 .

Navigation, Sumerians and, 2 .

Nebo (nābo) protector of Ashur-bani-pal's library, xxii , xxiii , 303 ; as Mercury, the messenger, 302 Merodach and Ea and, 303 , 435 , 436 ; as Mermer-Ramman, 303 ; month of, 305 ; Semiramis inscription, 419 , 422 ; mother worship and, 434 ; spouse of, 436 ; small Kalkhi temple of, 487 .

Nebuchadrezzar I (ne-bchad-rezzar) of Babylonia, 380 ; conquests of, 381 ; power of, 382 .

Nebuchadrezzar II, Hanging Gardens of, 220 , 489 ; fiery furnace of, 349 ; monotheistic hymn of, 479 ; Egyptians routed by, 489 ; King of Judah captured by, 490 ; takes Jews captive, 491 , 492 .

Necho, the Pharaoh, Asiatic campaigns of, 489 ; rout of by Nebuchadrezzar, 489 , 490 .

Necho of Sais, Assyrian governor in Egypt, 475 ; Ashur-bani-pal and, 482 ; slain by Ethiopians, 483 .

Neheb-Kau (neheb-k), Egyptian serpent goddess, 150 .

Nehemiah in the Susan palace, 111 ; restoration of Jews, 496 .

Neith, Egyptian cult of, 101 ; her arrows of fertility, 337 ; "shuttle" of a thunderbolt, 337 n.

Neolithic Age. Sec Stone Age, the Late.

Neolithic folk tales, 156 .

Nepthys (nepthys) mourning for Osiris, 83 ; laments with Isis for Osiris, 99 ; as joint mother of Osiris, 99 ; as serpent goddess, 150 .

Neptune, connection of with Ea, Dagon, &c., 33 ; the horn of, 238 .

Nereids (nērē-ids), the, 33 ; the Babylonian, 34 ; as demon lovers, 68 .

Nergal (nerg), solar god of disease, 53 ; as King of Hades, 53 , 54 ; Yama and, 56 ; as Destroyer, 62 , 63 , 303 ; like Teutonic Beli, 95 ; as form of Merodach, 160 ; conflict with Eresh-ki-gal, 205 ; as planet Mars, 303 ; Horus and Ares and, 304 ; like Agni, 304 ; Osiris and Tammuz and, 304 ; month of, 305 as "high head", 334 ; worship of in Samaria, 455 .

Nergal-shar-utsur (s), King of Babylonia, 492 .

Nidaba (nida-ba), goddess of Lugal-zaggisi, 124 .

Nightmare, Babylonian demon of, 68 , 69 .

Nimrod, eagle myth regarding, 167 ; agricultural myth of, 170 ; John Barleycorn and, 170 , 170 n.; the Biblical "mighty hunter", 276 ; as Ni-Marad (Merodach), 277 , 343 ; the fires of, 350 ; Asshur and, 354 .

Nimrud. See Kalkhi.

Nina (nina), the fish goddess, Ishtar as, 100 ; at Lagash, 117 , 118 , 327 ; Derceto and Atargatis and, 277 ; goddess of Nineveh, 327 , 423 ; creatrix and, 437 ; Persian Anahita and, 496 .

Nineveh, excavations at, xix ; called after Nina, fish goddess, 100 , 423 ; King Ninus and, 424 ; Biblical reference to origin of, 276 , 277 ; Semiramis legend of origin of, 277 ; plundered by King of Mitanni, 280 ; observatory at, 321 ; Ashur and, 354 ; palace of Ashur-natsir-pal III at, 399 Ionians deported from Cilicia to, 464 as Babylon's rival, 469 Esarhaddon's Ashur temple at, 476 ; Nahum's prophecy, 477 , 478 ; Ashur-bani-pal's palace and library at, 487 ; fall of, 488 ; Scythian legend, 488 .

Nin-Girsu (nin-girsu), the god of Lagash, Ninip and Tammuz and, 53 , 115 , 116 , 333 ; Ur-Nina and, 117 , 118 ; Urukagina, the reformer, and, 121 et seq.; famous silver vase from temple of, 120 ; lion-headed eagle of, 120 ; Gudea's temple to, 130 ; Shamash and Babbar and, 132 ; development of, 135 ; eagle of, 168 ; Merodach and Zamama and, 126 , 241 .

Ninip (ninip, or Ninib), as Nirig and destroying sun, 53 ; Zamama identified with, 126 ; during Isin Dynasty, 132 ; in flood legend, 190 et seq.; father and son myth, 158 , 302 ; as bull god and boar god, 302 , 334 ; month of, 305 ; the boar and, 315 ; as Kronos and Saturn, as elder and younger Horus, 316 .

Nin-shach, Babylonian boar god, 86 .

Nin-sun, as destroying goddess, 57 , 100 .

Nint the Babylonian serpent mother, 76 ; Tiamat and, 150 .

Ninus, king, legendary founder of Nineveh, 277 , 424 ; Semiramis and, 424 , 425 .

Ninyas, son of Semiramis, 426 .

Nippur (nippur), Enlil god of, 35 ; Ninip the Destroyer advances against, 53 ; Ramman, Hadad or Dadu and, 57 ; Ur-Nina and, 116 , 117 ; Lugal-zaggisi and, 124 ; Ur moon god at, 130 ; Ea's temple at, 131 ; Isin kings from, 132 , 133 ; Kassites showed preference for, 218 ; observatory at, 321 ; Kheber (Chebar) canal near, 344 .

Nirig (nirig), as Ninip and destroying sun, 53 . See Ninip.

Nisroch, the Biblical, Ashur as, 343 , 470 .

Njord (nyerd), the Eddic sea god, 33 .

Noah, the Babylonian, 27 .

N the Egyptian god, the crocodile as, 29 ; Sumerian form of, 36 , 37 ; vaguer than Nut, 106 .

Nudimmud (nim-m). See Ea.

Nk the god, as fire deity, 49 , 50 , 51 ; as messenger of gods, 50 , 53 ; connection of with sea fire, 50 , 51 ; association of with sun and moon gods, 50 , 353 ; identified with Nirig and Tammuz, 354 .

Nut (nooit), the Egyptian goddess, 36 ; Tiamat as, 37 ; as mother of Osiris, 101 ; Nu vaguer than, 106 .

Oak, Saul buried under, 350 ; association of with thunder gods, 350 .

Oannes (ō-nes), as Ea, 27 , 30 .

Odin (ōdin), 64 ; lovers of wife of, 103 ; Gilgamesh and, 184 , 185 the mythical Ages and, 202 ; Paradise of like Indra's, 209 .

Olympus, the Babylonian, 332 .

Omri, King of Israel, 405 .

Opener, the, Horus as, 302 . See Apuatu and Patriarch.

Opis, Kish swayed by, 114 ; King of captured by Eannatum of Lagash, 119 ; Entemena's sack of, 120 .

Ops, 103 .

Orion, the Constellation, as form of Osiris, 297 ; Nin-Girsu and Tammuz as, 301 ; as form of the sun, 305 .

Orion, the Greek giant, origin of, 45 .

Osiris (ō-sīris), Tammuz cult and cult of, xxxi , 81 . Yama and Gilgamesh and, xxxii ; as god of the Nile, 33 ; creative tears of, 45 ; as a "dangerous god", 63 ; as patriarch, 52 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 86 , 90 ; weeping for, 83 , twin goddesses mourn for, 99 ; Adonis myth, 83 , 84 ; origin of, 84 ; blood of in Nile, 85 ; swine associated with, 85 ; as the lunar babe, 89 ; as child, husband, brother, and father of Isis, &c., 99 , 297 ; as son with two mothers, 99 ; Nut as mother of, 101 ; Paradise of, 209 ; fusion of Ptah with Seb and, 264 ; Isis star and, 296 ; the grave of, 296 ; makes Isis a male, 299 ; Nergal and, 304 ; in star lore, 315 ; backbone symbol of world mountain, 332 ; Merodach and Ashur and, 354 .

Osiris-Sokar, Merodach like, 299 .

Owl, as ghost of sorrowful mother, 65 ; Arabian belief regarding, 70 ; reference to in Isaiah, 114 .

Ox, the wild, in eagle and serpent myth, 75 , 76 .

Pallithic Age, skull forms of in France, 8 ; Palestine in, 10 .

Palestine, early races in, 10 ; Pallithic finds in, 10 ; cave dwellers of, 10 , 11 ; in empire of Naram Sin, 129 ; Abraham's wanderings in, 245 ; tribes he found in, 245 , 246 ; Elamites in, 247 , 248 , 249 ; Necho's campaigns in, 489 .

Pan, Ea-bani and, 135 ; the pipes of, 238 .

Pantheon, the National, during Isin Dynasty, 132 .

Pap-sukal (pap-sal), messenger of gods, rescues Ishtar from Hades, 97 .

Paradise, childless ghosts excluded from, 71 ; the Indian, Germanic, and Egyptian, 209 ; Babylonian beliefs, 210 . See Hades.

Patesi (pate-si), priest king, 1 . Patriarch, the, Apuatu as, xxxii ; Sargon of Akkad as, xxxiii , 91 ; Yama as, xxxii , 56 , 200 ; Osiris and Tammuz as, xxxii, 82 , 86 , 90 , 297 ; Scyld or Sceaf as, 92 ; Yngve, Frey, Hermod, and Heimdal as, 93 ; the mythical "sleepers" and, 164 ; Nimrod as, 170 , 277 , 354 ; Gilgamesh as, xxxii , 200 ; Mitra as, 201 ; the Biblical Asshur, 276 , 327 , 354 ; King Ninus of Nineveh and, 424 , 425 ; the Persian and Cyrus, 493 .

Paul, Mars hill sermon of, 59 , 60 .

Pekah, King of Israel, 450 , 451 ; Assyrian king overthrows, 453 .

Pelasgians, the, Sumerian kinship with, 9 ; Achns and, 393 .

Pennsylvania, University of, expedition of, xxiv .

Penrith, "Long Meg's" stone circle near, 156 .

Persephone (per-sefon-ē), the Babylonian, 53 ; as lover of Adonis, 90 .

Perseus, legend of, 152 ; the Babylonian, 159 , 164 .

Persia, fire worship in, 50 ; Yama of India and Gilgamesh, and Yima of, 200 , 201 ; the mythical Ages of, 202 ; eagle symbol of great god of, 347 , 493 ; Ashur cult and, 355 ; Britain and Russia in, 357 ; Cyrus King of, 493 ; religion of and Babylonian influence, 496 .

Persian Gulf, early Sumerians traded on, 2 ; Eridu once a port on, 22 .

Petrie, Professor Flinders, dating of, xv , 212 ; alien pottery in Egypt found by, 263 ; on Egypt's culture debt to Syria, 275 .

Pharaoh, "Piru" theory, 458 , 458 n.

Philistines, the, their god Dagon, 32 , 33 ; "way of" an ancient trade route, 357 ; invasion of Palestine by, 379 ; as overlords of Hebrews, 379 , 380 ; Hittites and, 386 ; civilization of, 387 , 403 , 405 ; as vassals of Damascus, 414 ; tribute from to Assyria, 439 .

Phnicians, Baau, mother goddess of, 150 ; traditional racial cradle of, 244 ; appearance of on Mediterranean coast, 245 ; Melkarth, god of, 346 ; as allies of Hebrews, 388 .

Phrygia, thunder god of, 261 ; Cybele and Attis of, 267 ; Muski and, 395 ; King Midas of, 460 ; Cimmerians overrun, 472 ; Lydia absorbs, 494 .

Picts, why they painted themselves, 212 .

Pig, demon in, 71 ; sacrificed to Tammuz, 85 ; associated with Osiris, 85 ; sacrifice of to cure disease, 236 ; totemic significance of, 293 ; as the devil in Egypt and Britain, 293 ; Ninip as boar god, 302 .

Pigeons. See Doves.

Pillar worship, "world tree" and "world spine", 334 .

Pinches, Professor, on Ea, Ya or Jah, and Dagan, 31 ; on Babylonian "Will-o-the-wisp", 66 ; on Babylonian boar god, 86 ; on flocks of Tammuz, 93 ; on Creation hymn, 149 , 150 ; on Babylonian monotheism, 160 ; on names of Hammurabi, Tidal, &c., 248 ; on Merodach as Nimrod, 277 ; on Nebo and Ramman, 303 ; on Ashur worship, 352 , 353 ; on Nusku and Tammuz, 353 , 354 ; on Ashur, Merodach, and Osiris, 354 ; on the sacred doves, 427 .

Pir-na-pishtim, the Babylonian Noah, 27 ; sun god and, 55 ; Gilgamesh's journey to island of, 177 , 178 , 180 ; revelation of, 181 , 182 ; the flood legend of, 190 et seq.; the Indian Yama and, 200 ; the Persian Yima and, 201 .

Planets, deities identified with, 296 ; Merodach as Jupiter and Mercury, 299 ; Venus female at sunset and male at sunrise, 299 ; when gods were first associated with, 300 ; Horus identified with three, 300 ; the seven included sun and moon, 301 ; Jupiter as "bull of light", 301 ; the "bearded Aphrodite" and Ishtar, 301 ; Ninip (Nirig) and Horus as Saturn, 302 ; Nebo and Merodach as Mercury, 303 ; Nergal and Horus as Mars, 303 , 304 ; in doctrine of mythical Ages, 313 et seq.; the Babylonian and Greek, 316 ; in astrology, 318 .

Plant of Birth, Etana's quest for, 164 .

Plant of Life, Gilgamesh's quest for, 164 , 177 .

Plato, the dance of the stars, 333 .

Pleiades (plīa-dēz), the. See Constellations.

Pleistocene (plīsto-sēn) Age, the, Palestinian races of, 10 .

Pliny, on the "Will-o-the-wisp", 67 .

Plutarch, the Osirian bull myth, 89 ; on Babylonian astrology, 318 .

Poetry, magical origin of, 236 et seq.

Poets, inspired by sacred mead, 45 .

Polar star, as "world spike", 332 ; Lucifer as, 331 , 332 .

Pork, tabooed by races, 293 .

Poseidon (pō-sīdon), 64 , 105 .

Postal arrangements, in Hammurabi Age, 251 .

Pottery, linking specimens of in Turkestan, Elam, Asia Minor, and Southern Europe, 5 , 263 .

Prajapati (prăjăti), the Indian god, creative tears of, 45 .

Preservers, the, mother goddesses as, 100 .

Priests, En-we-dur-an-ki of Sippar, 42 ; the sorcerer's spell, 46 ; Dudu of Lagash, 120 ; as rulers of Lagash, 121 ; and burial ceremonies, 208 , 209 ; fees of cut down by reformer, 210 , 211 ; as patrons of culture, 287 , 288 , 289 .

Pritha (preeth, mother of Indian Karna, 126 .

Prophecy, blood-drinking ceremony and, 48 ; breath of Apis bull and, 49 .

Prophets, clothing of, 213 , 214 .

Psamtik (samtik), Pharaoh of Egypt under Assyrians, 483 ; throws off Assyrian yoke, 486 .

Ptah (t, the Egyptian god, Ea compared to, 30 ; cult of and mother worshippers, 105 ; deities that link with, 263 , 264 .

P, Assyrian king called in Bible, 444 .

Pumpelly expedition, Turkestan discoveries of, 5 , 6 , 263 .

Punt, the land of, as "cradle" of Mediterranean race, 39 .

Purusha (p-hă), the Indian chaos giant, 429 .

Quarters, the four. See Four quarters.

Queen of Heaven, the, Ishtar as, 81 ; descent of to Hades, 95 et seq.; Bau-Gula as, 116 ; Etana and eagle legend and, 166 ; Ashur worshipped like, 352 ; Jehu worshipped, 412 , 421 .

Queen of Kish, the legendary Azag-Bau, 114 ; humble origin of, 115 .

Ra (rorrā), the Egyptian god, as chief of nine gods, 36 ; creative tears of, 45 , 334 ; creative saliva of, 46 ; the "Eye" of blinded and cured, 46 ; as a destroyer, 63 ; in flood legend, 197 ; Paradise of, 209 ; Osiris and, 297 ; as old man, 314 ; as cat, ass, bull, ram, and crocodile, 329 .

Races, languages and, 3 ; the Sumerian problem, 3 ; shaving customs of, 4 ; the Semitic blend, 10 ; culture promoted by fusion of, 42 ; god and goddess cults and, 105 . See Armenoids, Mongolians, Mediterranean Race, Semites, Sumerians.

Rain gods, Enlil, Ramman, Indra, &c., as, 35 , 57 ; Mitra and Varuna as, 55 .

Rainy season in Babylonia, 24 .

Ram, sun god as, 329 ; Osiris as, 85 .

Ră, the Indian demi-god, demon lover of, 67 ; colour of, 186 .

Rana(ra-ayăn-ă), the, 67 ; eagle myth in, 166 .

Rameses I (re-sēz orra-mēsēs), Hittites and, 364 .

Rameses II, of Egypt, wars of in Syria, 365 ; the Hittite treaty, 366 ; Hittites aided by Aramns against, 378 .

Rameses III, sea raiders scattered by, 379 ; Philistines and, 379 .

Ramman (rm), the atmospheric and thunder god, 57 ; in Zu bird myth, 74 ; in demon war, 76 ; a hill god, 136 ; Merodach and, 159 , 160 ; in flood legend, 192 et seq.; deities that link with, 261 ; called Mermer like Nebo, 303 ; month of, 309 .

Rams, offered to sea god, 33 .

Rassam, Hormuzd, x , xxiii .

Ravens, demons enter the, 71 ; in folk cures, 234 ; as unlucky birds, 429 .

Rawlinson, Sir Henry, xx , xxi .

Rebekah, Hittite daughters-in-law of, 266 , 267 .

Reed hut, Ea revelation to Pir-napishtim in, 190 , 191 ; and reeds in graves, 213 .

Reformer, the first historic, Urukagina of Lagash, 121 et seq.

Rehoboam (rē-ho-bōam), subject to Egypt, 402 .

Rem, the Egyptian god of fish and corn, 29 .

Rephaim (rephā-im), the, Hittites and, II, 12 .

Rezin, King of Damascus, 449 ; Pekah plots with, 451 ; Tiglath-pileser IV and, 453 .

Rhea, 103 .

Rhone, the river, dragon of, 152 .

Ribhus (ribh), the elves of India, 105 .

Ridgeway, Professor, on the Achns, 377 .

Rim-Anum (rim-anum), revolt of in Hammurabi Age, 242 .

Rimmon (rimmon), Enlil, Tarku, &c., as, 35 , 57 , 395 .

Rim-Sin, struggle of with Babylon, 217 ; Hammurabi reduces power of, 249 ; put to death by Samsu-iluna, 249 , 256 .

Rimush. See Urumush.

Ripley, Professor W. Z., on Mediterranean racial types in Asia, 8 .

Risley, Mr., on Naturalism in India, 291 .

Rivers, worship of, 44 ; life principle in, 48 ; created by Merodach, 149 ,

Robin Goodfellow, the Babylonian, 66 .

Roman burial customs, 207 .

Rome, the death eagle of, 169 .

Rose Garden, the Wonderful, 68 .

Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, the Lilith sonnet, 67 .

Rudra (roodr, the Indian god, 64 .

Rusas (r), King of Urartu, Sargon II routs, 460 , 461 .

Russia, the double-headed eagle of, 168 ; Persian and Armenian questions, 357 .

Russian Turkestan, early civilization of and the Sumerian, 5 .

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