COMPENDIUM OF WORLD HISTORY

VOLUME 2

A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Ambassador College Graduate School of Education In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy

by Herman L. Hoeh

1963 1966, 1969 Edition

CHAPTER XII

TROJAN MIGRATION TO FRANCE

After Troy fell, in 1181, the populace in the conquered regions fled from the Greeks to various parts of Europe. One of these groups was led by Aeneas and finally reached Italy. But, there were other groups who left Troy after the First Trojan War.

Another group of Trojan refugees was led by Francio the son of the ill-fated Hector, and heir to the line of Samothes in Gaul. These fled to the northern shore of the Black Sea, then returned to Isauria in Asia Minor, from where they migrated to Pannonia and then on to Western Europe. From these Trojans is descended the house of the Dukes of Brabant (an old province embracing parts of modern Belgium and the Netherlands). From this Assyro-Judaic family came Charlemagne, the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.

A complete list of these Trojan rulers, from Hector down to Charlemagne, is found in the work by Jhr. C. A. Rethaan Macarentitled 'Oude Kronijk van Brabant', in the 'Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus,' series 2, part 3, published by Het Historisch Genootschap te Utrecht, Utrecht, Holland in 1855.

The chronology starts with 1181 and continues right down the line without complications till Silvius Brabon II, who begins to reign in 732. The beginning and end of each reign is synchronized with contemporary Biblical history, which, incidentally, is presented in its correct chronology down to a period long after the dividing of the monarchy.

Between Silvius Brabon II and Troylus II (370-331) complications are introduced. The author will state a certain figure for the length of the reign, yet this will completely disagree with the length of reign obtained through his cross references to contemporary Roman history. Silvius Brabon II, for example, is stated to have reigned 60 years. Yet, the cross references of the beginning and end of his reign in terms of Roman history show that he reigned only 32 years. The difficulty is readily overcome when we realize that the Trojan rulers of this period shared the throne jointly with either a successor or a predecessor. The author preserved the correct lengths of individual reigns only in the cross references to contemporary Roman history.

Charlemagne, too, it must be remembered, ruled jointly with his brother.

The recording of joint reigns ceases after Troylus II and the chronology again becomes uniform. Troylus II ruled jointly with his successor, Priamus VI. It will be noticed, below, that even in the figures for his sole reign, the last year overlaps with the first year of his successor. This is stated in the author's cross references to contemporary Roman and Greek history.

Under the Princes and Dukes of Brabant there are two short interregnums which become apparent from the chronology, one in A.D. 456-459 and the other in A.D. 714-715. We must remember that this is the story of Brabant though the individuals concerned had other dominions and offices as well. Charlemagne, for example, was a Duke of Brabant, but he was also King of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor at the same time. The short interregnums therefore mean nothing more than that the title to the dukedom was vacant for that period of time. The ruler himself was usually alive, but simply did not claim the dukedom.

This is only a matter of internal politics and does not affect the chronology of the history as a whole.

TROJANS KINGS OF ISAURIA

TROJAN KINGS OF SICAMBRIA AND PANNONIA

'Brabon junior,' the youngest son of Francio IV. He entered the services of his relative the duke of Arcadia in Greece, and was rewarded for his distinguished service with a wife of noble birth. Ten years after the death of his father, his wife gave birth to a son who was named Brabon Silvius. At the same time Julius Caesar was born to the duke of Arcadia.

'Brabon Silvius' accompanied Julius Caesar in the Roman conquest of Gaul. Julius Caesar conquered the kingdom of Agrippina (Cologne), killed the king, and sent the king's sister Silvana to his father the duke of Arcadia.

At that time there stayed with the duke of Arcadia a man named 'Karolus.' His father, also called Karolus, was a powerful figure and leader of a military division at Nijmegen. He was born of the old Trojan line, being the son of a certain Pharamunt who had 14 sons. This must be none other than Francio IV (138-118).

'Karolus,' the son of Karolus, received a bad reputation because of his licentious life. So his father sent him away from home to the duke of Arcadia. Here, according to the Chronicle, he married the duke's daughter 'Zwana,' who, upon their return to the Low Countries, gave birth to a son called 'Octavianus'. This Octavianus later became Roman Emperor Augustus.

Karolus junior also had two daughters, Octaviana and Zwana. Zwana was given by her uncle Julius Caesar in marriage to Brabon Silvius.

After the death of Karolus, Julius Caesar adopted Octavianus. The kingdom of Agrippina he gave to Brabon Silvius.

KINGS OF AGRIPPINA

PRINCES OF BRABANT

DUKES OF BRABANT

KINGS OF FRISIA

In 321 B.C. a line of princes migrated via India to the area of northern Holland and northwestern Germany under their leader Friso.

Friso descended from Ragan or Reu (Gen. 11:19) according to 'La Grande Chronique ... de Hollande, Zelande' etc., p. 28. Friso was an adventurer in the service of Alexander the Great. After being released from service, he came with a group of settlers from the river Indus to Europe. There he gained power (313) over the local counts by means of intrigue. A descendant, Friso, became king in 287, commencing a secondary line of rulers.

DUKES OF FRISIA

After this Frisia again becomes a kingdom.

SECOND GROUP OF KINGS OF FRISIA

Frisia, which had already been conquered by the Franks, was made an integral part of the Frankish realm in 775 by Charlemagne. From that time on it was ruled by dukes appointed by the Franks. King lists are derived from 'Hamconius' and 'Oera Linda Boek.'

TROJAN KINGS OF THE BELGIANS

While the descendants of Hector fled Troy and migrated to France, Bavo led another group into Western Europe. This is the little known story of the royal family that governed the Celts and the Belgians on the Continent.

Archaeologists have found a vast cultural complex on the Rhine River and its tributaries. The almost unknown account of this area is preserved to us by Jacques de Guyse in his 'Histore de Hainaut,' a French translation of his original Latin work of the thirteenth century. (Hainaut is an ancient division of Belgium.)

Archaeologists, of course, admit that the Belgian people came from the steppes of Eastern Europe. But just who the people of Belgium, Holland, Frisia, Luxembourg and Northern France are, archaeology has no answer. Yet we do not have to remain in ignorance. History has the answer -- if scholars only had the wit to see. But as with so many records, historians have rejected what they do not want to believe.

They have carefully hidden the Jewish-Trojan origin of the royal houses of Western Europe.

The Belgian line commences with Bavo, the son of a sister of Laomedon, king of Troy. Bavo was therefore a cousin of King Priam.

Following the fall of Troy a migration into Europe occurred along the Danube. It reached the Rhine by 1179. Bavo, reported Jacques de Guyse, 'encountered with pleasure the descendants of the Assyrians who have followed Trebeta, and who had been compatriots of the Trojans and served the same deities' ('Table Generale de l'Histoire de Hainaut,' II, page 388).

Here, in outline form, is Jacques de Guyse's account of the Belgian rulers after the fall of Troy in 1181. Only the most important details are included from the copious annals of Hainaut.

With Herisbrand ended the rule of the priest-kings over the Belgians. Political upheaval forced a change in form of government and brought a strong-willed, able warrior to the royal estate. In 776 -- the year of the first Olympiad in Greece -- Ursus, whose name means 'bearlike,' obtained the throne and organized much of continental Western Europe under his power. The Annals of Hainaut give the following account of the kings of Belgium from 776-470.

There followed a number of dukes, annually elected, none of whose names have come down in history. The last, Missenus, whose son came to the throne in 386, is the only one whose name has been preserved. The actual duration of power of the dukes over the provinces of Belgium is traditionally given as 104 years -- evidently from 490 to 386. It therefore appears that they came into prominence with the death of Suardus. The new line of kings which existed until the Roman victory in 52 is as follows:

KINGS OF THE CELTS IN GAUL

During the period that the priest-kings of the line of Bavo ruled over the Belglans, the Celts in Europe were being governed by another line. This line of kings sprang from Francus, scion of the House of Troy, and last king of the Britons before the coming of Brutus.

Francus, according to the historian Freculphe (see Vol. 19 of 'Histoire de Hainaut,' sec. cclxvii), began a line of kings that ultimately ruled in Gaul. He originally turned over the government of Britain to the Druids (until the time of Brutus). He supported the Trojans against the Greeks. After the Greek victory, he continued to govern the remnants of the Celts along the lower reaches of the Danube basin. An outline of these little-known kings of the Celts is given below.

The length of reign of Trogotus given above is indicated by the following. The only known Agrippa in the history of Western Europe at this period of history is the Trojan king of Alba in Italy. Not uncommonly have the kings of Italy and Alba ruled Celtica in Gaul.

Jasius did in 1601-1551. A later Silvius came to the British throne (see Vol. I of 'Compendium' on British history). This Agrippa could hardly be other than the Agrippa of Italy. Though sometimes assigned 41 years, Eusebius assigns him 40 years in Alba -- 915-875. If Eusebius' figure is used, the 28-year reign of Agrippa over the Celts may be dated 903-875. Then the reign of Camber would be 808-776. It makes sense. Camber reigned until the very year (776) that Ursus began his rule in Belgium. When Ursus came to power he demanded allegiance of both Celts and Germans.

From this restoration it becomes clear that whoever controlled the ancient city Trier (which was then part of Belgium) was in a favorable position to dominate over the Celts of Gaul. A similar situation occurred over 1500 years later when Charlemagne ruled all Western Europe from Aachen, a city near Trier.

COMPENDIUM OF WORLD HISTORY

VOLUME 2

A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Ambassador College Graduate School of Education In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy

by Herman L. Hoeh

1963 1966, 1969 Edition

CHAPTER XI

ANCIENT PERSIA AND TURKESTAN

One thousand years of Persian history is missing from today's history textbooks. Most writers begin their account of Persia about the time of Cyrus the Great. A few archaeological notes usually precede the story. But the real history of Persia (or Iran) for a thousand years before Cyrus has been deliberately removed from history books.

EARLY KINGS OF PERSIA

Persia, the modern Iran, like most other nations, has preserved its history from early times. Traditions and legends have no doubt been added along the way. But the main framework and sequence of events is so clearly preserved that no doubt about the facts need exist.

Of course there is a reason why early Persian history is rejected.

It includes several Biblical heroes! That alone, in the eyes of modern interpreters of history, is enough to condemn any record.

Early Persian history has been preserved not only by Persian and Arabic writers, but in a few rare translations into modern languages.

Perhaps the most complete is Shea's 'Early Kings of Persia.' A less complete account may be recovered from D'Herbelot's 'Bibliotheque Orientale.' More complete is the analysis in 'Universal History,' Vol. V.

Before recounting in brief the history of Persia, it would be well to compare, below, the table of rulers from Mirkhond, the Persian historian, with that of other oriental authors. One is immediately aware of figures that at first glance seem preposterous. But each one has significant meaning. They are not all lengths of reign -- several are based on time lapses since the beginning of important eras. Without these long figures, it would not be possible to restore Persian history.

Table of Persian Rulers

Dynasty of Kaianites

The time element at the close of this list is clear. The days of Alexander the Great have been reached. Darab II is Persian king Darius III Codomannus. He was slain in 330, after Alexander overthrew his empire. But most of the preceding names in the table of kings are not those found in history books. The answer is that Persia's last king was not a direct descendant of the great Persian kings of history. This table of Persian royal names is an account of another branch of royalty -- the family of Darius Codomannus.

Once we know the date of Darab II -- his reign ends in 330 -- it is possible to restore the whole list, if we just take the figures exactly as they are. The following chart is the restoration of the

Dynasty of the Kaianites -- combining both Mirkhond and other oriental writers.

THE SECOND RACE

THE FIRST RACE

Persian historians commonly refer to the early judges and kings of their land as the 'first race' and the 'second race.' The second has just been restored. The first is now possible to date. Its last king or Judge, Gustasp, ended his reign in 1042, at which time he was succeeded by Kaikobad of the 'second race.' With 1042 as ending date, the reign of Kajomaras would begin in 1741. Observe how all these figures fit as pieces of a puzzle.

And that restores the amazing 1000 years of missing Persian history.

TURKESTAN, TURKS AND MONGOLS

In the vast stretches north of Persia live a medley of peoples.

Mongols, Tatars, Turks, Turkomen, and Persians, among many others. The history of this area is intimately connected with ancient Persia. The nomadic tribes inhabiting the region have not preserved any chronological framework of their past history, but their line of great Khans has sufficient parallels that the main events of Turkestan or Eastern Scythia may be ascertained.

The Bible labels this vast area the land of Gog (see Ezekiel 38). Gog was a descendant of Japheth. The western half of these vast reaches belongs today to the Soviet Union. The eastern part is Mongolia and a part of China (Sinkiang Province). The whole area is called Turkestan by geographers.

The word Turk has in the Turkic or Mongolian languages the meaning of 'strong warrior.' The Mongoloid Turkic people trace their ancestry back to Turk, the adopted son of Japheth. (The Mongoloid Turks are to be distinguished from the Caucasian Osmanli Turks of modern Turkey -- the sons of Teman who acquired the name Turk from living in that geographic area.) The son of Turk in Tatar history was Taunak Khan.

(Khan means ruler.) He was, at least in part, an earlier contemporary of Kajomaras of Persia. Taunak is affirmed to have lived 240 years, according to Abu'l Ghazi Bahadur Khan's 'Genealogical History of the Tatars,' published in 1730 in London. This is well within the ages listed in Genesis for the patriarchs immediately after the Flood.

Taunak was succeeded in order by Jelza Khan, Dibbakui Khan and Kajuk Khan -- the latter two having long reigns. The son of Kajuk was Alanza Khan or Ilingeh Khan. His was a period of growing prosperity and luxury. He was the father of Tatar Khan, from whom the Tatars trace their name, and of Mogul Khan, from whom the Moguls or Mongols trace their name.

The son of Mogul Khan was Kara Khan. In his day there was a rapid spread of idolatry, declare the Mohammedan Tatar historians. Hushang of Persia was ruler in Persia.

OGUS KHAN

In the days of Kara Khan, after the Exodus of Israel out of Egypt, his son Oguz or Ogus Khan revolted against the idolatry of his father (see the 'Universal History', Vol. XX). Later, Ogus, after 72 years of war, created a vast Mongol Empire. He subjected Cathay (part of China), Tashkent, Samarkand and all Turkestan, Kashmir, part of Armenia and Iran. Iran at this time was without unified leadership during the reign of Giemshid (1391-1361). Oguz Khan carried his conquests (Diodorus of Sicily II, 43) to Egypt. Interestingly, this is the time of the Hyksos rule in Egypt. And one of the Hyksos rulers had the name of Khayan or Khan. This king could be none other than Oguz Khan. His 116 year reign from Tatar history is therefore 1392-1276.

Ogus Khan was succeeded by Kiun Khan (1276-1206). His name means the 'sun'. The history of Persia indicated that hereafter the kings of Persia dominated the accessible steppes of Turkestan. This would be the time of Alphidun, who set his son Tur over Turkestan. He was followed by Apherasiab. In order there followed Juldus Khan, Mengli Khan, Tengis Khan and Il Khan. In the days of Il Khan (in the 600's B.C.) the Tatars warred against the Mongols and nearly obliterated them. Il had a son Kajan who survived the struggle. For 400 years the Mongols disappear from the pages of Tatar history into the vastnesses of the mountains of Asia.

Now to return to the time of Alanza Khan and his son Tatar Khan.

The Tatars in the Soviet Union trace their early Khans from Tatar the brother of Mogul. From Tatar descended Buka, Jalanzak and Ettala Khan.

Ettala's son Attaisis Khan fought bloody wars -- in the days of Ogus Khan of the Mongols. He was followed by Orda, Baydu and Siuntz Khan.

The latter in a grand alliance destroyed the Mongol power.

After this great victory the Tatars split up under petty rulers and have left us but few names of their rulers. Based on the number of generations this victory over the Mongols occurred in the 600's.

After multiplying in the mountains bordering on Mongolia, the Moguls finally rose to power in the late 200's. In another fifty years they challenged the Tatars, conquered them and became the masters of much of eastern Scythia.

The Tatars and Mongols - descendants of Turk whom Japheth adopted as his son - preserved for posterity the names of over 20 Khans (see Vol. XX of 'Universal History') who ruled Mongolia and adjacent territory until the twelfth century of the present era, Then it was that the Mongols burst forth on the world, ravaged Asia and plunged with terrible swiftness west into the heart of Europe under Jenghis Khan.

THE HISTORY OF ARMENIA

The principal source of Armenian history is that of Moses Khoren, a celebrated writer of the fifth century. In part his material is derived from the books of Mar-Abas Catina, a learned Aramean of the second century B.C. Modern archaeology provides additional information beginning with the period of the late Assyrian Empire.

Armenian history has been treated in much the same manner as Persian history. Prior to the Assyrian period all is rejected without being examined to see if it corresponds with the parallel accounts of other nations.

Armenian history begins with the account of Haik or Haig, the son of Togarmah, the son of Gomer. What's wrong with Biblical characters suddenly appearing on the scene shortly after the Flood? Nothing -- unless one doesn't want to acknowledge the plain facts of the Bible and history. Historians acknowledge the land about Armenia, as late as the days of Shalmaneser the Great, was known as the land of Togarmah. of course, that is from archaeology!

Armenians descend from Aram, son of Shem (see Josephus).

Intermarriage between Togarmah's family and Aram's has undoubtedly given rise to the unique character of the Armenians.

The following tables, prepared by Michael Chamich and St. Martin, are taken from the 'Collection des Historiens Anciens et Modernes de l'Armenie' by Victor Langlois, Paris, 1880, vol. II, pp. 385-386.

PATRIARCHS OF ARMENIA

The family of Aram paralleled the family of Togarmah, rather than succeeding it as most Armenian historians claim.

KINGS OF ARMENIA

Kurkjian's 'History of Armenia' may be consulted for succeeding periods.

Armenian history commences with a settlement of colonists in 2247, seven years after the episode at Babel. These colonists were subject to the rulers in Babylonia for 139 years. They gained their independence in 2108. This date is traditionally assigned to Haik, but rightfully belongs to Aram. Armenian history clearly places the family of Aram contemporary with Semiramis and Ninyas. Since Togarmah settled Armenia earlier than Aram, the line of Aram was inserted after the line of Gomer. It should have been made parallel. The family of Gomer continued down to the time of Paret in 1663. Note that the period assigned to Gomer and Togarmah in Armenian history corresponds with Italian and Spanish history. The white branch of the family was settling in Europe, while the Oriental branch migrated eastward. It appears that Ul, the son of Aram who settled Armenia, is Ara -- the 'r' replacing the 'l'.

COMPENDIUM OF WORLD HISTORY

VOLUME 2

A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Ambassador College Graduate School of Education In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy

by Herman L. Hoeh

1963 1966, 1969 Edition

CHAPTER X

THE STORY OF THE PERUVIAN INDIANS

Strange as it may seem, the Peruvian Indians preserved their history back to Babel. Pre-Inca records specifically refer to and date correctly the reigns of Cush, Nimrod and Horus, or Gilgamesh! Every generation of rulers over the children of Tiras are named to the coming of the Incas. Yet today all this has been lost to public knowledge.

MODERN SCHOLARSHIP DISCARDED THE FACTS

Modern scholars have done little to acquaint us with the true history of early Peru. In the early centuries following the Spanish conquest of Peru and neighboring regions, many native records came into the possession of the conquerors. The assumption that the Incas knew only how to tie knots in a string to remind them of the past is absurd.

Granted, the 'quipus' -- or knotted strings -- were used.

The Peruvian Indians also painted records of past events. They had trained priests whose function was to record and repeat the traditions of the past. The fact that the Spanish did recover the history of the Peruvian Indians from the beginning is in itself proof that a great many records were available. No nation which was able to achieve the architectural wonders of the Peruvian highlands would lack the means to preserve its heritage.

The modern view of Peruvian history is that it cannot be established more than a century before the commencement of the Spanish colonial period. Archaeologists have done amazingly well in recovering cultural artifacts buried in the ground, but they have thus far been unwilling to associate what they find with early Peruvian history found in the authentic Indian records by the conquerors. The slightest study of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa's 'History of the Incas' would have confirmed the accuracy of his outline. Archaeology everywhere substantiates the written record wherever it has been carefully preserved.

Sir Clements Markham has contributed heavily toward Inca and Pre-Inca studies by his two books 'The Incas of Peru' and 'History of the Incas.' The former contains the list of kings from the beginning as preserved by Montesinos. It gives just over 100 names out of which nearly 80% have the lengths of reign preserved. Montesinos did not give sufficient information to establish every reign, but the list is so nearly complete that it is not at all difficult to determine contemporary events between Peru and the rest of the world. The latter volume preserves an invaluable outline of the Inca period.

WHAT ARCHAEOLOGISTS FOUND

Archaeologists are not settled on terminology, but they have described Peruvian remains rather well. The story begins with an Incipient Era of hunting and early agriculture. There follows a

Developmental Era that is usually not well divided. It ought to be expressed in two, rather than three phases -- the Formative and the Cultist -- to use archaeological Jargon. There is great technical progress and a widespread religious cult. A complete break ends the Cultist period.

Thereafter a Florescent Era appears, around 350 B.C., with many new techniques indicative of a dynamic period. In some ways the level of the artistic sense, however, does not advance.

Then comes a Climactic Era, commencing shortly after 500 A.D. It is divided into Expansionist, Urbanist and Imperialist periods. The Expansionist commences with conquest and political and social unification. It breaks down into disruption and decadence. Local autonomy with large centers of population characterize the Urbanist.

The Imperialist is a great military Empire, which was superseded, in 1532, by the Spanish Colonial period.

Archaeologists and historians alike have limited the Inca rule exclusively to the Imperialist and generally date it around 1440. Had they read the Inca history they would have found that the entire Climactic Era, beginning shortly after 500 A.D. belongs to the Incas.

Sarmiento de Gamboa commences Inca rule in 565 A.D. And rightly so. The history of the Inca royal family corresponds in exact detail, period by period, with Expansionist, Urbanist and Imperialist.

One objection often presented to such an extensive Inca period is the unusually long length of life necessitated for the rulers. Several are over a hundred years old. The argument would be valid if it were possible to demonstrate that human beings cannot live that long! But human beings do often live to be well over one hundred years of age.

For example, long after Moses wrote that the life span of man centers about 70 years, individuals are still recorded as living past 120 years. In those days the Peruvian highlands were virgin, and fit for vigorous living. In some instances the length of reign is due to birth of a son in the Inca's old age -- or to a birth of an heir after the death of a predecessor. History, when confirmed by archaeology, should be allowed to speak for itself.

Now to illustrate the history of Peru, from the Tower of Babel to the Spanish Colonial period. Notice that the names of even the earliest rulers appear in the native dialect. Many of the names are titles or epithets.

ILLUSTRATION FROM BURMA

The date 2004 is a remarkable parallel for the return to power of Horus in Mesopotamia in 2006. Clearly the ancestors of the Peruvians lived outside Mesopotamia, bordering on the River Tyras. As confirmation of the exactness of Peruvian material, compare the following figures which have been extracted from the earliest history of Burma. Notice the same figure 2004 for Maradzi II. The ancestors of the Burmese Arakan people were at that time also living in the steppes of Russia.

This concludes the Pre-Inca Era. Notice that when Montesino's account is properly begun at Babel it is in perfect harmony with the time element in the next era.

THE INCA RULERS

The succeeding chart illustrates the story of the great Inca period. It begins in 565. Is it significant that this is the year of a major movement of peripheral peoples out of the British Isles in the days of Gildas? ('Ency. Brit.', art. 'Cave,' in eleventh ed.) The Incas were of a complexion much lighter than their subjects.

The comments in the following section may be verified in J. A. Mason's 'Ancient Civilizations of Peru', p. 110.

With this restoration, though partly incomplete, the early history of South America comes into its proper place in World History.

COMPENDIUM OF WORLD HISTORY

VOLUME 2

A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Ambassador College Graduate School of Education In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy

by Herman L. Hoeh

1963 1966, 1969 Edition

CHAPTER IX

ITALY, HOME OF PAGAN RELIGION

Nearly everyone has heard of the ancient pagan Greek and Roman gods and goddesses. But almost no one knows that they were originally great rulers of Italy.

The whole modern Christian world has been influenced by Roman Catholicism. The story in pre-Roman times was the same. Instead of paganism spreading to Rome from Greece, it really spread from Italy to Greece.

It was the vogue of the last century to ridicule the myths of Rome and of Greece. The gods and goddesses were regarded as mere human inventions -- rigments of the superstitious madness of the ancients. To admit that they were originally flesh-and-blood human beings would have been tantamount to admitting the reality of the Bible. For several of the heroes-made-god of ancient Italy are characters of the Bible.

ITALY IN THE ANCIENT WORLD

There is a very special reason that Italy became the home of religious apostasy in the West. The pagan mystery religions had a very special problem confronting them in Italy. They had to counter the teachings of Noah!

Yes, Noah appears as a ruler in the early history of Italy! Noah lived both sides of the Flood. He knew what life meant. Apart from him the whole human family would have been wiped from off the face of the earth. The world's religious leaders knew that if they were to succeed they must, in some way, counterfeit, in Italy, the teachings of Noah -- just as later they were to counterfeit the teachings of Christ. The parallel is exact.

To counterfeit Christ, they took Christ's name and labeled their superstition 'Christian.' They began to worship Christ. 'This people honoreth me with their lips, but their heart is far from me. But in vain worship they me, teaching for doctrines commands of men' (Mark 7:6-7).

To subdue the doctrines Noah preached, they made a pretense of following him -- claiming they were doing what he commanded them, claiming to do it by his authority. And when Noah died they began to worship him! They called him, in their mysteries, Janus -- the one who could look into both worlds because he experienced the worlds on either side of the Flood.

WHAT ITALIAN HISTORY REVEALS

The history of Italy was preserved down to Roman times. Not until the Middle Ages was it allowed to die a natural death. What could not be disproofd was left undiscussed. The scholarly world soon forgot the records in its possession. Those who did take note of them began labeling them as recent inventions -- just as they did the history of every other nation. Now let us open the pages of Italian history and see what really occurred in ancient Italy.

The history of Italy opens -- as might be expected -- with human government beginning at the Tower of Babel. Italian history begins immediately after the Flood -- with the land without inhabitants for 108 years. The first family to settle in Italy, according to ancient history, was Gomer. But why should this be so unusual, when one considers the contemporary history of Spain?

Gomer's children generally passed eastward out of Europe into Asia. Archaeology traces the movements of the earliest cultures of the children of Gomer from southern Europe into Asia. (See the previous chapter on the history of Spain under the family of Togarmah.)

Because Gomer was the earliest hero this side the Flood to populate limited areas of Europe, it became a Middle-Age superstition to label all the people of Europe the descendants of Gomer. Most Bible maps are so labeled today. But they are wrong. In the very first chapter, on the history of Germany, is proof that Shem's descendants now inhabit Western Europe. The fiction that Gomer was the ancestor of these people was deliberately, and knowingly, invented to cloak the identity of the House of Israel and of the Chaldeans and Assyrians. The

Germans do not want their identity known to the world. Nor do the Chaldeans. And the House of Israel wants to believe it is Gentile.

Now to continue the history of Italy as preserved to us from the same sources which give us German, Spanish and early British history.

THE HISTORY OF ETRURIA

The story of Etruria or Tuscany is essentially the history of those invading nations who dwelt in Italy, but were not descended from Kittim. The people of Etruria were a heterogeneous group of tribes.

THE HISTORY OF THE LATINS

Meanwhile the descendants of the children of Kittim were being ruled over by descendants of the family of Abraham. The famous woman Electra or Roma was daughter of Atlas Kittim. Josephus reveals Atlas to have been Epher, Abraham's grandson. His daughter is called the concubine of Jupiter (see Icelandic history earlier in this volume), From Electra, who later married Cambon, came a line of rulers who were later accounted gods or divine heroes. The list carries us down to the coming of Aeneas of Troy, recorded in Volume I. All these royal lines were related to the family of Abraham.

To conclude the surprising early history of Italy, here is a slightly different mode of reckoning the earliest rulers. Anderson's 'Royal Genealogies' records, from documents extant in the sixteenth century, the lengths of reigns from the time of Shem's settlement of colonies in Europe. That event may be dated from the 'Bavarian Chronicle' to 2214.