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From Goddess to King

From Goddess to King (30)

FROM GODDESS TO KING

A History of Ancient Europe from the

OERA LINDA BOOK

By Anthony Radford

1997 Ojai, California

With thanks to Anthony Radford for his permission to publish his book

©1997 Anthony Radford, all rights reserved.


 

From Goddess to King, Plates en Maps

FROM GODDESS TO KING

A History of Ancient Europe from the

OERA LINDA BOOK

By Anthony Radford

Plates and Maps

PLATE 1....The Standing Alphabet given to Fasta by Frya

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PLATE 2....Free Lands at the Time of Fasta, 2190 BC

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PLATE 3....The First Celtic Empire of Kalta, 1600 BC

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PLATE 4....The Voyages of Jon and Minerva, 1600 BC

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PLATE 5....The Return of the Geertmen, 303 BC

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PLATE 6....Free Lands at the Time of Gosa, 300 BC

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PLATE 7....A Page from the Book of Adela's Followers

Page 45 from the Oera Linda Manuscript

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PLATE 8....The Oera Linda Family Tree

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From Goddess to King, Intro

FROM GODDESS TO KING

A History of Ancient Europe from the

OERA LINDA BOOK

By Anthony Radford

1997 Ojai, California

With thanks to Anthony Radford for his permission to publish his book

©1997 Anthony Radford, all rights reserved.

Table of contents

  • AUTHORS INTRODUCTION

  • CHAPTER 1 - MODERN DISCOVERY

  • CHAPTER 2 - THE GEOLOGICAL DISASTERS

  • CHAPTER 3 - THE GODDESS MYTHS

  • CHAPTER 4 - FRYA AND THE LAND THAT WAS HOME

  • CHAPTER 5 - FASTA, THE FIRST EARTH MOTHER

  • CHAPTER 6 - MINNA AND THE NORTHERN CAMPAIGN

  • CHAPTER 7 - KALTA AND THE ORIGINS OF THE CELTS

  • CHAPTER 8 - THE ORIGINS OF IONIA

  • CHAPTER 9 - MINERVA AND THE STORY OF GREECE

  • CHAPTER 10 - MINNO AND THE STORY OF CRETE

  • CHAPTER 11 - THE SETTLEMENT OF THE PUNJAB

  • CHAPTER 12 - TALES OF HOMER

  • CHAPTER 13 - FRANA AND THE LOSS OF DENMARK

  • CHAPTER 14 - ADELA, THE UN-ELECTED MOTHER

  • CHAPTER 15 - DESCRIPTIONS FROM HAPPIER TIMES

  • CHAPTER 16 - WHEN THE SECOND BAD TIMES CAME

  • CHAPTER 17 - GOSA, THE LAST EARTH MOTHER

  • CHAPTER 18 - FRISO, THE MAN WHO WOULD BE KING

  • CHAPTER 19 - LETTERS FROM THE PAST

  • CHAPTER 20 - A ROYAL KING AT THE END OF AN AGE

  • CHAPTER 21 - FRYA, THE FORGOTTEN GODDESS

  • CHAPTER 22 - HISTORICAL EVIDENCE - LEGENDARY SUPPORT

  • CHAPTER 23 - THE ATLANTIS QUESTION

  • CHAPTER 24 - MESSAGE FOR OUR TIME

  • PLATES AND MAPS

  • PLATE 1 The Standing Alphabet given to Fasta by Frya

  • PLATE 2 Free Lands at the Time of Fasta, 2190 BC

  • PLATE 3 The First Celtic Empire of Kalta, 1600 BC

  • PLATE 4 The Voyages of Jon and Minerva, 1600 BC

  • PLATE 5 The Return of the Geertmen, 303 BC

  • PLATE 6 Free Lands at the Time of Gosa, 300 BC

  • PLATE 7 A Page from the Book of Adela's Followers

  • PLATE 8 The Oera Linda Family Tree

  • APPENDIX A - EXTRACTS FROM THE BOOK

  • APPENDIX B - ADDRESS TO THE FRIESLAND SOCIETY, 1871

  • BIBLIOGRAPHY

  • GLOSSARY OF NAMES, WORDS FROM THE BOOK

AUTHORS INTRODUCTION

One hundred and twenty-five years ago, an ancient manuscript was translated into modern languages. It became known as the Oera Linda Book and the stories it told revealed the secrets of the Matriarchal Age of Western Europe.

It recorded the history of the Children of Frya, the mother goddess of their race and of her Sacred `Tex that gave them the social and moral values they needed to build a great nation, perhaps the greatest civilization of the ancient world. It told of the struggle that the earth mothers had to maintain the freedom against the invasions and influence of the princes and priests of the foe from the East. Their struggle gave us our own Western values, and many of the heroes and heroines of our classical mythology. This book tells that inspiring and interesting story in present day language with messages for today as we go through our change of ages.

The story begins in the timeless Age of Taurus when mythical goddesses mothered their children but that age ended in the "bad times" that heralded the coming of the Age of Aries. Devastating land disruptions, volcanic activity, floods and forest fires changed the map of Europe. It is so recorded in this oldest of writings to survive in Western Europe. The new age began with the earth mothers, citadel maidens and the long voyages of the sea-kings, ending two thousand years later with the patriarchs, the royal kings that demanded recognition and fealty for favors, and a distrust of womens contributions to society.

This story is about a racially protective society that would inevitably fail to maintain its integrity, even though the people tried to educate foreign traders and rowers into their ways. The center of growth, for Europe, had to shift to the east, where it was more rewarding to serve the family than the community. It had to bottom out and then work up from there. Has this happened yet? Our civilization has now become a global one where both western and eastern values are being tested on all fronts.

I believe it took a long time to reach bottom in a global sense. A world cooperation based on humanity, not race, is building from that base; it is progressing now even though in many of todays hot spots there are attempts at ethnic genocide. There are diverse peoples, all over the world, inspiring the building of a more advanced society from personal example, but it is a minority; too many still feel they have to defend their own separateness and at all costs indulge and collect in the material world. With higher populations and limited resources, this leads to desperate competition for fear of missing out; to greed in the face of potential plenty.

Thousands of years ago in Western Europe, a society attempted to maintain a high state of consciousness and individual freedom that was based on a moral and civil code, where men and women were respected for their intrinsic abilities. This is the heritage of Europe. Borrowing a history from the Middle East has not satisfied this desire that myths like Atlantis continue to kindle.

This is not the presentation of a paper or a dissertation with the source of every thought referenced. Neither is it fiction. It is the offering, once again, of an old work, for the reflection and divertissement of the reader. The author was stimulated to explore these implications and add his comments. Such comments come from a variety of sources, many are listed in the bibliography, and many simply derive from a lifetime of living, with the only direct quotes coming from the Oera Linda Book.

This edition contains a modern language rendition of the Oera Linda Book taken from the first English translation by William R. Sandbach in 1876 of the 1871 Frisian translation by Dr. J. O. Ottema. Dr. Ottema commissioned the original modern translation of the thirteenth century manuscript that was copied in ancient Frisian from a ninth century version. The English book is available on microfilm from the British Library, which reserves the right to permit any reproduction.

This book is the story of groups of peoples who tried to keep a community together that originally extended across all of Europe, but eventually disappeared in the polders of the Netherlands. But did it disappear? We owe so much of our present Western civilization to them and take for granted our concepts of freedom, of democracy, our sense of honor and the very basics of our language that has structured the way we think. Too often we are guilty of depicting our own ancestors as primitive or ignorant rustics, incapable of understanding a civilized modern culture; but read on, and discover the origins of so many noble concepts that are now far less commendable. It is time this story was told. It has lessons for us at this critical time in the history of the world and the changing relationship between East and West.

People traditionally think that ancient man was more primitive mentally and socially than ourselves. Images of troglodytes and ape-men are confused with historical man. If we have been physically evolving for a million years then four thousand of them represent less than half a percent. In tests, our intelligence quotient ranges from 25 to 200, for functioning man, so what is half a percent? Granted we have had a technical and information explosion in the last few generations but that has little to do with our values, a truer measure of civilization.

Traditional ways are no longer working for our world; life-styles themselves have become experimental, manifesting at faster and faster rates. Much of the inspiration for these styles is being taken from concepts of history rather than from history itself, with these notions being purveyed by the popular media which can express only those ones that its often young audience wants to see. Modern life styles as well as vicarious historical adventures and fantasies from the future are both molding and separating societies while the more conservative older members fight to preserve their own concepts of how things should be. They criticize the adventurous young who feel the need for change, to do things their way, regardless of experience or knowledge.

The Oera Linda Book describes this dynamic of young/old, new/traditional over a very much longer time scale. At first reading, these old writings can be seen as a struggle by ancient heroes and heroines to preserve their civilization, winning some battles, but eventually loosing the war because of the individual desires of the young. This cannot be considered a backward step for mankind, because humankind is a much larger concept than one nation or even one continent. The world may have needed a couple of thousand years of male dominance so that a new order respecting all the strengths that have played their part may be formulated. These are the male and female strengths, the respect for young as well as old, the incorporation of the most remote society, the coexistence of many alternative life-styles and, unique to our time, the enormous influence of telecommunications and other modern technical achievements. The story describes its own cycles of earth changes and catastrophes; it is valuable now as we are moving out of the Patriarchal Age into a new cooperation between men and women.

The ancient book tells of a remote era of peace when time was not even counted because one year was like the next. Do we really want to maintain that indefinitely? The present changes are both positive and negative. The media shows us daily that the negative appears to be winning again, and yet at the same time, an ever growing segment in all parts of the world is showing concern for fellow man beyond their own personal desires for material objects, sensual gratification and powers.

History is political, it is propaganda, and it serves a social and national competitive need, which leaves the truth without importance. I am optimistic about the world working things out and achieving a higher level of civilization than we have ever known before. But that new age, even if it lasts a thousand years will in turn give way to more challenges to address restrictions we cannot even conceive of at this time.

R. 1997 Ojai, California

From Goddess to King, GLOSSARY OF NAMES, WORDS FROM THE BOOK

FROM GODDESS TO KING

A History of Ancient Europe from the

OERA LINDA BOOK

By Anthony Radford

GLOSSARY OF NAMES, WORDS FROM THE BOOK

  • Adel, Son of Friso and husband of Ifkja.
  • Adela, The un-elected Earth Mother, the Maiden of Liudgaard, whom the people wanted to elect after the murder of Frana in 589 BC. Instead, she resigned to marry Apol, became matriarch, to what was to become the Oera Linda family, and advised the copying of the citadel records that led to the Oera Linda Book.
  • Adelbond, A mutual defense and attack agreement among surviving citadels made by Apol against the Magy.
  • Adelbrost, Son of Adela who briefly continued the Book after his mothers death until his own murder.
  • Aldland, The old land, Atland or home country.
  • aldermen The older men of a burgt who made the laws of their district by popular assembly. They did not become law until approved by the burgtmaid.
  • Alexander, King of Macedonia who becomes a historically verifiable figure in the Book. He purchased the fleet of the Geertmen in India and was responsible for their return to the Mediterranean.
  • Alkmarum, A settlement with an island in a lake where black rowers were kept while waiting for the ships.
  • Allemannen, A name exiled Germans gave themselves when they were without women.
  • Almanland, A fortified trading town, not a city but an important free-market port for ships of all nations.
  • Alrik, King Askars nephew who tried to unite the German tribes under his Uncles patronage but was thwarted by the independent Franks.
  • Alvader, A term probably introduced in Christian times meaning Our Father and referring to Wr-Alda or God.
  • Angelaren, Angles or Engles. A people of Fryas land who made their living as rod fishermen or anglers.
  • Antigonus, The general of Alexander who took over Greece after his death. Father of Demetrius.
  • Apol, Husband of Adela. A sea-king who became Grevetman of Ostflyland and Lindaoord.
  • Apol, (son) Younger son of Adela who founded the citadel of Lindasburgt in Norway in order to avenge his parents murder against the followers of the Magi. He formed the Adelbond agreement for this purpose.
  • Apollonia, Daughter of Adela, Burgtmaid of Liudgaard and important compiler of the "Book of Adelas Followers".
  • Athens, The "City of Friends", named by Minerva when she left Crete to found a new citadel.
  • Atlantic, The ocean where ships of the "old land" (Atland) sailed.
  • Asegaboek, A city or districts code of laws and moral conducts.
  • Askar, Originally the asker or inquirer of property, a government post most likely related to taxation or defense levy. It became a royal title and name of the first hereditary king at the end of the age. See Black Adel.
  • Atharik, The name meaning rich in friends given to Adel, the son of Friso who succeeded his father as chief count in the first step to royal succession.
  • Athenia, The district around Athens, "the city of friends", Attica.
  • Atland, Same as Aldland but a shortened version used by the seamen.
  • Beeden, One of the last contributors to the Book. A grandson of Frethorik, he was required to acknowledge Adel III as overlord before succeeding his uncle as count.
  • Berthold, The father of Ifkja, wife of Frisos son Adel.
  • Black Adel, King Askar who was the fourth king after Friso. He appealed to military prowess by censuring the learning of writing as unworthy of a soldier when lands had to be restored from the enemy.
  • Brokmen, A term used by Frethorik to deplore the commercialism rampart at the end of the age.
  • Burgtmaid, Burgtmaagd, or local Mother of a citadel. Head of the maidens or virgins and eligible for election to Earth Mother.
  • Burgtmaster, A mayor of a town.
  • Cecrops, An Egyptian priest-commander who laid siege to Athens and negotiated the safe evacuation of the Geertmen.
  • Count, Originally a public office that counted the market sales on which taxes were levied. It become associated with the public levy or call to arms in time of defense and then the chief count, an elected position led on to hereditary kingship when combined with that of Askar.
  • Coward, A youth who had to stay home and tend the cows because he was unfit for service with the sea-kings.
  • Dela, Dela Hellenia was a prophet who may have added her later contribution in Christian times.
  • Demetrius, Son of Antigonus whose depravity caused the sailors to coin the word demented (without mind).
  • Druids, The name meaning "liars", given to missionary priests from Sidon by Frisians because they claimed to speak the truth. (See Golen and Triuwenden).
  • Earth Mother, Eeremoeder, or Earth Mother, the chief of state elected from the Burgtmaiden who served as the defender of Fryas laws for the protection of the combined states. Resolutions passed by the combined assemblies of the aldermen had to be approved by her before they became law. She could call a general levy of the military forces. She resided at Texland in the largest citadel of them all.
  • Evin, A sacred name related to Eve, not even to be spoken in ancient times.
  • Fasta, Festa, Vesta. The first Earth Mother, appointed by Frya after the loss of Atland. She received and codified Fryas Tex and built the first citadel at Texland. She became the goddess Hestia or Vesta and gave her name to the Vestal Virgins in later millennia.
  • Finda, The second goddess created by Wr-Alda who mothered the yellow race. Her children ultimately conquered all of Europe and interbred with Fryas and Lydas descendants to form the present population mixture. They were the persistent foe of the Free peoples.
  • Forest, The woods where the foe (Findas people) rested at night.
  • Flyburgt, The city at Flymeer or the mouth of the Fly river.
  • Flyland, The district around the Fly river (modern Vlie) which may have been the northern branch of the Rhine.
  • Forana, A great citadel and trading port of the low lands.
  • Frana, The Earth Mother who was murdered by the Magy after a marine invasion of Texland.
  • Franken, Franks or Frijen. A German tribe which preferred to remain independent of King Askar and invaded Gaul in the third century BC. Named after their first hereditary king.
  • Frethogunsta, The daughter of the king of Hals who married Askar. She brought idolatry into the royal family.
  • Frethorik, A grandson of Adela and important contributor to the Book. He was elected Askar in his time and told us the story of the recovery after the disasters of 305 BC.
  • Friesland, The name for the lands of the descendants of Frya, originally all of Europe but finally just a coastal area of Holland.
  • Frigg, The later day Scandinavian name for their understanding of the goddess Frya.
  • Frijen, An early name for Franken used when they had elected kings.
  • Friso, A Frisian who traveled to India and helped Alexander of Macedonia bring back to the Mediterranean the Indus fleet. He served Antigonus and Demetrius before bringing the Geertmen to the Rhine in the time of Gosa. He wanted to be permanent king and his descendants succeeded eventually in doing this.
  • Frya, The third goddess created by Wr-Alda and mother of the white race. She gave her sacred `Tex to Fasta, the first Earth Mother, thereby inventing phonetic writing. Her name gave us "freedom" and "friend" but was much misunderstood by the succeeding Finda peoples who had many names for her in their attempt to incorporate her into their pantheon.
  • Fryasburgt, The federal capital city at Texland.
  • Gedrosten, Runaways from India who settled in Afghanistan. So named by the Hindu priests.
  • Geert, The Mother or Burgtmaid of Athens who succeeded Minerva. She and her followers escaped to India after the siege of Athens about 1560 BC.
  • Geertmen, The descendants of the followers of Geert, even fifteen hundred years after her time.
  • Geertmania, The name the Geertmen gave to their new home on the Rhine. Named after their land in the Punjab.
  • Godfried, A sea-king circa 2000 BC known as the `Old who is credited with adding a decimal number system to writing.
  • Golen, Missionary priests from Sidon who celebrated cruel festivals. They were much hated by Frisians who called them Druids. They gave their name to Gaul.
  • Gosa, Gosa Makonta was the last elected Earth Mother, 323 BC. Her citadel survived the "second bad times".
  • Greva, The elders. Age was held in respect and incorporated into government.
  • Grevetman, A high civic office like a local governor. Originally a hearer of grievances.
  • Hachgana, Son of Wiljo, father of Beeden, a late contributor to the Book.
  • Heerman, Forerunner of the position "duke" when it was an elective office, a circuit judge.
  • Helgoland, A tiny island off the North Frisian Islands that was known to be much larger in historical times. Could have originally been part of Atland.
  • Hellenia, A shortened name for Nyhellenia Minerva. Not to be confused with Dela Hellenia. (See Minerva).
  • Hellicht, An Earth Mother who predicted that Fryas customs would never take firm hold in Athens.
  • Hellingers, The original seamen name for the Greeks, meaning cliff hangers.
  • Hiddo, Hiddo Over de Linda wrote the opening lines of the Book in 1256 AD.
  • Hyperboria, A far land beyond the north wind.
  • Ifkja, Wife of Adel, the son of Friso who tried to unite the country in the final good times.
  • Inka, A nephew of Sterik and cousin of Wodin and Teunis. He took half the renegade fleet and sailed into the Atlantic, never to be heard from again.
  • Irtha, Mother Earth, Gaea, Gaia.
  • Jon, Jon, John, Jhon meaning "given". A sea-king who became a pirate against the Phoenicians and based in the Ionian island named after him. Rosamond issued a warrant against him for destroying Kaltas citadel.
  • Joniers, The descendant of the followers of Jon or Ionians known for their seamanship.
  • Jonischen, Ionian, Jons Islands or the Pirate Islands. The reference at the time of Ulysses.
  • Jutlanders, Jutmen, originally meaning those who trade in amber (jutten). They were from the Baltic but migrated to Denmark after the "second bad times".
  • Jule, A wheel meaning a day or a year. The cycle of the sun.
  • Jule-time, Jule-tide, the shortest day of the year, eventually celebrated as Christmas.
  • Julefest, The festival associated with Jule-tide.
  • Kaat, Original name of Kalip or Calypso, the Burgtmaid of Walhallagara who entertained Ulysses.
  • Kadhemers, The inhabitants of the north part of Crete who never went to sea. A dweller near the coast. A Phoenician.
  • Kadmus, A legendary Phoenician who is traditionally credited with bring the alphabet to Greece.
  • Kadik, Modern Cadiz in Spain.
  • Kalip, (see Kaat)
  • Kalta, A name given to the Burgtmaid Sijred of Flyburgt by the sailors because of her devious ways. Her followers became known as Kelts or Celts. After loosing the election, she rebelled against the new Earth Mother and set up a rival state, with the help of the magi, that included Gaul and Britain. Kaltasburgh Kerenak, the new citadel of Kalta which was probably in Scotland.
  • Katerine, Kat, the Burgtmaid of Godasburgt in Norway who after being overrun by the Magy chose death to disgrace and gave her name to the Kattegat or strait where she drowned.
  • Keeren Herne, Kerenak or Chosen Corner. (See Kaltasburgh).
  • Kerenak, (See Keeren Herne)
  • King, An elected leader or general for a campaign. Sons were not allowed to succeed fathers as king.
  • Konered, Son of Frethorik and Wiljo, who contributed to the Book after their deaths.
  • Kreta, Crete, the land of criers because they shouted at foreign ships that came too close.
  • Kroder, The hand or spoke that goes around the Jule or circle. These symbols were used to form the first phonetic alphabet.
  • Letlanders, People from the Baltic or the bad sea.
  • Letten, Isolated islanders so named because they are let alone.
  • Liko, Liko Over de Linden wrote the second letter in the Book that was copied from the 803 AD original.
  • Linda, Meaning lime trees or plane trees, this term has given rise to many family and place names including the authors of the Book. Originally it was a distinction or reward for service, to be able to build ones house in the location that was "over the lime trees".
  • Lithauers, A name given to a German tribe which always attacked the face of their enemies. It means "face hewers".
  • Liudgaard, A citadel that gave rise to many names beginning with "Liud". It was located at the mouth of the Rhine and was inundated by the sea in 305 BC.
  • Liudgert, The admiral of Wichhirt who settled in Walhallagara and was elected king after Wichhirt. He described the Punjab in his writings.
  • Libya, From Lyda, or Africa as it was known to the Mediterranean.
  • Lyda, The first Goddess, created by Wr-Alda, who was the mother of the black race. Little is known of her except her strong passion. Her descendants were often employed as rowers in the great fleets but never as slaves. Many ultimately married into Europe.
  • Lydasburgt, A town on the Rhine were the black rowers were kept waiting for the fleet to leave again.
  • Magy, The title of the priest-king of the Finns and Magyars in much the same way as Pharaoh was used by the Hebrew bible.
  • magi The various priest-kings of Findas people who ruled with fear and magic. A chief Druid.
  • Makonta, Surname of Gosa, the last Earth Mother.
  • Marsaten, The lake dwellers of Switzerland. They were considered poor members of Friesland.
  • Medesblik, An important citadel that dates from the time of the first Earth Mother.
  • Minerva, Pallas Athena in Greek. Hellene or Nyhellenia Minerva, the Rhine maiden who was brought to Crete and Athens by the sea-kingJon and founded a citadel there.
  • Minno, King Minos, an ancient sea-king, who gave laws to Crete and eventually returned to the Rhine where he left his contributions to the Book on the walls of Walhallagara from where they were copied a thousand years later.
  • Missellia, The island that became Marseilles. It was mistakenly sold to the Golen of Sidon hence the name "miss sale". It eventually became the first city of the Gaul in southern France.
  • Navigator, Originally meant a seaman. Someone who made foreign voyages.
  • Nearchus, The admiral of Alexander who was in charge of the expeditions using the fleet of the Geertmen.
  • Neef, Nephew or cousin.
  • Nyhellenia, (see Minerva)
  • Pallas Athena, Greek goddess of wisdom, Minerva.
  • Phonisia, Palmland, or Phoenicia. The land of the Golen at Sidon.
  • Prontlik, A latter-day burgtmaid of Texland who escaped the ambitions of King Askar by hiding in a neighboring forest with her maidens. The last Mother of the most ancient citadel.
  • Puniers, Phoenicians or Carthaginians. A mixture of Finns, Frisians and Blacks. They were the same people who settled Gaul under their Golen or priests. Those ones became known as Celts while the south Mediterranean peoples were the traditional enemies of Rome.
  • Reintja, The last Burgtmaid of Stavia who made a deal with King Askar to rebuild her citadel in return for rallying the districts to support him. He reneged on the deal.
  • Rika, The old Maiden who tried to oppose the ambitions of Frisos successors to form hereditary kingships and desert the old ways.
  • Rome, This city is traditionally believed to be named after its founder Romulus but the Frisians say the word means spacious and was founded by Trojans.
  • Saxmen, Inhabitants of the north bank of the Rhine. Originally a term for ax-men or foresters because they were always armed against the wild beasts. In the forth century BC it appears as a German tribe.
  • Schoonland, Ancient name for Scandinavia not including Denmark.
  • Scythian, The horsemen of the Slavonic regions that were originally considered part of Fryas race and culture before the first disasters. There have been many archaeological discoveries of these tall, fair people in the Caucasus regions.
  • Sea-king, The elected leader for the expedition of a merchant fleet. The huge fleets commanded respect and fair trade because of their armed might. He was above the admiral and chief merchant.
  • Sijred, (see Kalta)
  • Skrivfilt, The ancient name for paper or parchment of linen base and an important commercial product.
  • Sterik, An old sea-king who had three nephews named Wotan, Teunis and Inka. Stuurlieden Inhabitants near Denmark who made their living in small boats. The name came to mean navigator in the modern sense.
  • Teunis, Neef Teunis or Neptune of later traditions. He gave his name to Tunisia, founded Tyre and was acclaimed to be the first king of the Phoenicians by the Golan of Sidon.
  • Teuntia, The Burgtmaid of Medesblik who was recommended by Gosa Makonta to succeed her. There was no conclusive election.
  • Texel, A tiny island in Holland; all that remains of Texland and the city of Fryasburgt.
  • Texland, The original province of Fryas land where the first citadel and seat of the Earth Mother was built for Fasta.
  • Thyr, Thor. One of the idols of the Finns whose name was given to Tyre by Teunis and his followers who became the Phoenicians. In Finland, the son of Odin.
  • Thyriers, Early Phoenicians.
  • Triuwenden, "Abstainers from the truth", a word that became Druids.
  • Troost, A burgtmaid of Stavia.
  • Tuntia, A burgtmaid of Cadiz.
  • Twiskar, A resident of Twiskland or Germany.
  • Ulysses, A sea-king who visited from the Mediterranean who visited Kalip after failing to get a sacred lamp from the Earth Mother. His exploits inspired the original Odyssey.
  • Urgetten, The "Forgotten" or residents west of the Punjab.
  • Walhalla, Where the valiant soldiers go after an honorable death.
  • Walhallagara, Minervas Rhineland citadel in 1600 BC and later that of Kaat (Calypso).
  • Waraburgt, An international trading center, not a maidens city.
  • Wichhirt, The leader of the Geertmen at the time of Alexander. He returned with his people to settle in the Emude and contributed much of the Indian section to the Book.
  • Wiljo, Wife of Frethorik who continued the Book after him.
  • Witkoning, A sea-king.
  • Wodin, Senior cousin and commander of Neef Teunis and Neef Inka who disgraced the northern campaign by marrying the daughter of the Magy who kept him drugged as a puppet king and then deified him. He became known as Odin.
  • Wr-Alda, God. Neither male nor female, the oldest concept of monotheism meaning "all that is", the "Oldest One".
  • Yren, People west of the Punjab, the Iranians, meaning "morose" but named by Hindu priests from whom they wanted to escape.
  • Zeecampers, A Frisian people named because they made their living on the seashore.
  • Zoethart, A sailors sweetheart or lively heart.

From Goddess to King, Chapter 24, MESSAGE FOR OUR TIME

FROM GODDESS TO KING

A History of Ancient Europe from the

OERA LINDA BOOK

By Anthony Radford

CHAPTER 24

MESSAGE FOR OUR TIME

Thepast may be forgotten, but it never dies in our hearts; it continues to haunt us as though we lived it ourselves. At this time there is need for a true connection with the past, not to reactivate imaginary concepts or even introduce captivating memories but to use that strength, real or imaginary, in living our own age. This is a unique age, which has never happened before. Let us choose the best way to live it by heeding the wisdom and examples of the best of our global heritage rather than the commercial expediency of the moment.

We have learned how the Matriarchal Age was nothing to be feared by men, and we know today that a new matriarchal age is upon us in which both men and women are gaining in freedom and in expression. With cooperation comes a sense of true participation in the age without incurring the guilt of domination and privilege. The task is to implement it with both heart and brain. To react to two thousand years of injustice (much more in the East) with overcompensation will no longer work; we can instead make the choice for synthesis right now. Rage over the injustice, cry over the hurts, claim your power, but show the wisdom of Sophia in your choice of action. The "other cheek" is not the complimentary one but rather a new way of seeing things; a healing perspective, and only through such a choice can all of us move into a new age.

We now talk about the "year of the women" as we watch a thirty-minute sitcom. Are our attention span and expectations so instant? Why do we not have a planned economy? Our government changes tax laws every year, some that were designed to serve lifetime investments and other industrial investments that take many years to plan, permit and build. In our ignorance we credit a new administration for some economic trend reported just weeks into that "age". What attention is given to ethical standards in our schools? These ideas are often proposed but our system does not know how to use our better-qualified individuals. It gives momentary credits instead of consideration to what is really important.

If the Aquarian Age is the beginning of a new matriarchal age, then what are the signs, what are the differences? The first difference from the old Matriarchal Age is that it is a world wide phenomenon with beginnings mostly in California and elsewhere only in isolated places within thirty miles of the ocean; but with the communications of today it is possible to reach the world very quickly. It is not a racial issue but one of the brotherhood-sisterhood; of men-women. The English language may have to change to accommodate this but not all languages have this problem. In some Oriental languages they do not use a pronoun for the word God. To say "He" or "It" would be in bad taste so they simply repeat the noun.

The Oera Linda Book mentions the Asegaboek, which apparently meant a code of behavior or a personal belief system. We have our sacred texts and also many works on ethics and morality, few of which have had much universal appeal or have lasted into a second generation. Today, and perhaps always in our conscience, we make individual choices from the sum of our personal experience and social indoctrination. We cannot make better ones until we have lived longer and more wisely so the awesome importance of how we bring up and educate our children is obvious. We have moved from too much narrow instruction to too little fitting personal example. Narrow instruction has fostered separation among nations and races; and a competitive status called nationalism, a primitive emotion born of fear, or racism and the use of money as a measure of success. All this is learned behavior and while it may have served our grandparents who needed to break away from blind adherence to the bibles of the past, it also created a "lost" generation without standards beyond that of selfish interest. As neither generation satisfies us today, there is much searching throughout the world for a better way.

There is a crisis in our time that is reflected by the life in our inner cities. There is so much work to be done; but the system, the well meaning public agencies, have strangled themselves in distrust and inefficiency. Too often the help comes in the form of a check that costs ten to twenty times the face value to issue and involves months of paperwork. Where is the personal caring, the trust in our own officers? Some of us have the opportunity to be involved with fellow human beings at a personal level, but it will also require more intelligent legislation to make a difference.

Are there lessons from which we can learn in the Oera Linda Book? It is neither desirable nor practical to try to go back to a simpler time although many have attempted just that with brief episodes of community living. It doesnt work today. We are much more complicated but this complication must be carefully examined or we could be vulnerable to natural forces beyond our control. One gets the impression of Puritanical attitudes when reading the moral obligations mentioned in the Book and surely that will remind us how futile it is to try to maintain such an attitude or to impose it on our children without incurring their resentment. But there was music and dance, as in the "Book of Songs" (one of the lost books) and it was mentioned that singing was prescribed as part of the education for girls. Perhaps this was the birth of the tradition that would be adopted by the Christian convents to come. It is highly probable that the seamen sang as they rowed through the calms; after all Homer tells us much about the enjoyment of music.

Another lesson concerns the enduring concept of "east is east and west is west." At no other time is this more important to overthrow than today. Our Frisian forefathers initially tried isolation or separation while educating foreign rowers in the ways of freedom, but intermarriage happened often out of necessity, rather than by choice; for disasters and wars uprooted peoples and cast them together. It was not just the races that mixed, it was the ideas they tried so hard to keep out. This kind of "protectionism" is something that cannot work, as only by experiencing the new and alien and then making a free choice, can we value any code and adapt it for ourselves. For example, how well does the average American understand the average Japanese despite fifty years of intense interaction? Do we try harder to have them learn our ways or do we make an effort to truly understand and appreciate their culture?

The teachings of Frya probably set the standard for what is now known as Western values, but for all the strength of its principlesthe most valuable being the concepts of democracy and personal freedomthere is a price to pay. All the constructs of the mind limit us in some way, and for both the East and the West, this is strongest in the concepts of sexual dichotomy, but they manifest in different ways. In the West, small boys may be seen holding hands but rarely does this carry on into adulthood without incurring some social stigma. We can hold hands with the opposite sex as if we were children, but in the East this is limited by their protective attitude toward women. Look around any restaurant where lunch is being served. Women meet their women friends, but men meet their male friends less frequently and feel the need to carry a briefcase or notebook with them, however men meet women all the time. Things are changing; it is now all right for Western man to cry, to show emotions, without being considered weak. It has been acceptable in the past such as in the days of Alexander and also in the Elizabethan Age, which extended to Horatio Nelson. Wellington however, did not approve of this aspect of his contemporary. That passions can be felt and even expressed without becoming destructive is once again considered acceptable, even healthy behavior. At long last we are relinquishing the repressive legacy of our Puritanical forefathers.

These differences between eastern and western thought may have had their beginnings here, where since Francis Bacons day an ectoscopic view of the world has fostered studies with sensory and practical applications, such as botany, navigation, astronomy, physics etc. A looking-without, involving community service and social responsibility was developed in contrast to the Eastern endoscopic or inward view of discovering the universe within oneself. The East has developed a strong reliance on the family with little expectations from the state; not surprising for countries with little tradition of democratic principles. Eastern discoveries in psychology, health, and the relationship of man to the cosmos are now beginning to find acceptance in the West, even respect, as our understanding grows. We are learning how these humanistic sciences cannot be taken separately, how they must properly inter-relate for holistic well being; a fact long known in the East.

We are shown that there is a third force, a valuable contribution to our passion, art and prowess; the force of Lyda, of Africa. Without Africa, no one would have a curl in her hair or a freckle on his arm. Along with East and West we must integrate the South as well or there cannot be a new age. Ages have been defined by gender only in the West while in India, definitions follow a different time scale and pertain to earthly obstacles, to the progression of mans soul, not to the evolution of worldly civilizations. At the present time, the Kali Yuga, or the most base of the ages, has been enjoyed for twice as long as an age in the West; since 3100 BC. It is due to end with the destruction of the Earth in the year 430,000 AD but another philosophy says it is now changing into the new Shakti Yuga, the female or mother aspect of God. But what ages are defined in the South? The South gave its blood to the Hamitic races, to the Dravidian and to the islands of the Pacific by mixing with the yellow and the white or so it can be speculated in a science so little studied until recently. There is now a program that is mapping mans migrations by correlating the DNA of various regions. A previous study tried listing blood groups but failed to come to any definitive conclusions except for some dietary restrictions based on climate and region. All this in addition to endowments to Europe, and for two hundred or so years their blood has been mixing in free America. Perhaps it is time to recognize blending and celebrate this, not dwell on either origins or encomiums.

Well meaning idealists have founded orders, even controlled nations but inevitably someone gets hurt, or imposed upon, because their ideas are different. In fighting the devil too often they become the devil. It is hard to tell the difference between ones conscience (the voice of a higher consciousness) and the ego constructs however noble we may think they are, and also keep our spontaneity. To do this requires checking the results of our actions before adversely affecting another, but maybe the only way to make a difference is by personal example as opposed to trying to fix others.

The Book describes few occult practices other than the tending of the sacred lamps but does suggest that they held several superstitious beliefs and studied the stars from the citadel towers. On the whole they were community minded, held high principles and believed in a monotheistic deity. Traditional religions currently in sway have some of these elements too; however they also have a lot more magic and ritual, so it can be assumed that they were derived from the practices of the magi and their counterparts in many cultures. Rituals have the power to re-create historic events by generating the corresponding feelings yet, too often, these events control through fear rather than provide inspiration. Many searchers of the present time feel a need to personalize their rituals, giving them a meaning not derived from ancient sources or from organized intermediaries.

The last contributors to the Book decried the loss of their traditional values much like today as we rapidly change, lose our standards and experiment with new possibilities. Crime and illiteracy rates rise, cults seek the security of their own kind and the young see no examples to trust from the establishment. Topping this we have doomsday predictions perhaps because disasters have happened before. A decline and fall of order over a period of hundreds of years followed the last one described in Europe until the feudal age imprisoned everyone. It neednt happen again.

Western history is written with a traditional mind-set that can be seen by opening to the beginning chapters of any comprehensive history. The well known historian, Will Durant, in his exhaustive "The Story of Civilization" begins with a volume on "Our Oriental Heritage" that is followed by "The Life of Greece" which gives little recognition to the ancestors of the Europeans themselves in whose language he wrote. This predilection may be impossible to break.

Our society is derived from, and tries to emulate in imperceptible ways, a bi-level consciousness (master-servant, rich-poor, in-out, have-have not) no doubt derived from personal power struggles of the last two or three millennia. We even encourage it by the adulation of the rich and privileged. Whenever a society is stratified to the extent of cutting off a segment of the population from the privileges and benefits enjoyed by the mainstream then a disregard for the established rules and lawlessness will grow. Eventually, corruption will be exposed at the top of a society that will no longer be shocked. This process has never been rapid but it is now occurring much more quickly than ever before in history. It is theoretically possible to address the discrepancies but that is not what usually happens. Society is itself replaced, and after a dark age, a better society perhaps, but at what a price!

A final message on the gender wars of this time. When one comes in contact with the enormous power of the Creative Force of the universe it is definitely masculine. This means all of us are the feminine aspect of God, and such an aspect is recognized in Indian tantric-kundalini teachings, where the heat that rises up the spine is referred to as feminine energy for men and women. Perhaps some of the early Christian saints and scholars knew this when they edited the Bible but it is more likely that emphasis on the Father-God reflected the particular power structure of that early institution. Such information, however, is very subjective and cannot be proved by quoting examples; each of us has to have his own experience.

Europe has for too long borrowed its history from the Near East. There is a proud heritage from the West, of law, monotheism, and individual rights with social obligations, with moral codes and of democracy inclusive of women. We have enjoyed writing and number systems, iron, even steel, paper and shipping. In addition there has been an adventurous tradition of exploration and discovery from days long before the Old Testament was written. The wonders of Atlantis that we have been unable to dismiss, are parts of that heritage. Twenty thousand books have been written on that subject so let us recognize the truth behind these legends that cannot die.

The message the Oera Linda Book brings to us can be derived from the lessons it did not teach. That we are at a new beginning, where to go back to an imagined good time or overreact to the injustices of the past age, would be an error that could take another age to correct. The lesson is one of inclusion and cooperation, not separation; it is of forgiveness and understanding, not revenge. East must meet West, and male must meet female in true equality and sharing, not a false equality where differences are not celebrated. In this way we can elicit the god in woman and the goddess in man in appropriate manifestation and expression, as well as promote a peace, which includes all parts of our globe.

THE END

From Goddess to King, Chapter 23, THE ATLANTIS QUESTION

FROM GODDESS TO KING

A History of Ancient Europe from the

OERA LINDA BOOK

By Anthony Radford

CHAPTER 23

THE ATLANTIS QUESTION

Thestory of Atlantis began in the Western mind with the modern translations of Plato, actually just the "Timaeus" and the "Critias". It has captured the imagination particularly since Ignatius Donnelly published his work "Atlantis: The Antediluvian World" in 1882. He was the same author that tried to prove that Francis Bacon was the real poet behind the works of Shakespeare.

Despite the fact that Plato is almost the sole source of this legend and the nearly total lack of hard facts from geology and archaeology to find Atlantis in the Atlantic Ocean, the popular concept persists. Briefly stated, it is that a large highly advanced civilization had once existed, somewhere out in the Atlantic. It had ended in a geological catastrophe by sinking beneath the waters some 11,000 years ago. Survivors of this race influenced embryonic civilizations across the world such as Egypt and in some cases founded new ones.

They were ruled by ten kings who chose an overlord from amongst themselves. They were religious, possibly in the mother goddess tradition and enjoyed all sorts of comforts brought to them by their superior seafaring traditions. Their increasingly wanton and depraved practices such as experimenting with changing men into animals eventually caused their downfall into the depths of the Atlantic much to the delight of the moralistic story tellers. "Where did this story come from." is a question more easily answered than why it has persisted.

Solon was known as the great lawgiver to Greece. About 595 BC, in his youth, he visited Egypt where he was told a tale by Egyptian priests concerning both their earliest history and the founding of his own Attica, the district of Athens, nine thousand years earlier, by descendants of a noble race who lived long before. Those early Greeks had successfully defended the whole Mediterranean area from a warlike power that came from the Atlantic Sea who tried to conquer and enslave them. Subsequently to this war, there were great earthquakes and deluges that shook and buried the island of the Atlanteans in a day and a night. Those disturbances were felt throughout the Mediterranean.

About two hundred years later Plato incorporates this tale in his "Timaeus", a dialogue between Socrates, Timaeus, a scientist, Critias, an historian, and a general named Hermocrates in which the story of Atlantis is told. Some years later, he continues it in his "Critias"

In his description of Atlantis, Plato has developed the story with the popular conceptions of Atlanteans of his time. They were the legends of Hyperboria, the land beyond the north winds, with its moated citadels, earth mothers, and sea-kings. Both Homer and Hesiod refer to lands somewhere far to the west such as the Garden of the Hesperides with its golden apples, a paradise for the souls of departed heroes. Plato also combined the closer legends of the former Minoan civilization of Crete with its royal palaces, maritime wealth and mother goddesses. It is not possible to place Atlantis at any one place because of this fusion of sources which is not an uncommon practice in legends which have undergone many generations of verbal tradition before being written down.

Plato did something more. The size of Atlantis was too large to fit in the Mediterranean Sea, and the population too great, so he chose to believe a version of the story that placed it somewhere beyond the Pillars of Hercules. That was way out in the Atlantic that was by then known to be an ocean rather than just a sea, the traditional home of the sea-kings. There are also myths relating to interactions between Atlantians and Hyperboreans as though they were separate nations but whether they were very old or more recent in the time of Plato is not known.

The importance given to Platos writings on the subject is not supported by what is known of their origins. He wrote them in 355 BC when he was in his seventies. He wrote of a time when he would have been about six years old so could hardly have kept notes on any conversations with Socrates and the story itself is of a time nearly two hundred years previously about a conversation Solon was supposed to have had. The "Timaeus" was to have been a sequel to his "Republic" and is a fictional vehicle for the expounding of opposing philosophical ideas with Platos own position not disclosed. He does mention that Athena founded an Athenian empire, which ties in with our book. The only value that can be ascertained from this is a collection of ideas about their neighbors and the history that was believed by the Greeks at the time and not of any relevance to a factual Atlantis. It is interesting to note how a collection of maps is called an atlas. Early volumes showed a picture of the Titan, Atlas, supporting the world on his shoulders but then seafarers like the Atland sea-kings must have had their versions of an atlas.

In 1909, K. T. Frost suggested that from an Egyptian point of view, the disappearance of the Minoan sea-power gave a lot of support to the Atlantean legend if Crete had been their home. The more recent discoveries of archaeological evidence of the ancient eruption of Mt. Thera in the Santorini Islands has given cause to speculate that ancient Crete was Atlantis. Santorini now consists of a ring of five islands, the southernmost member of the Cyclades Islands in the Aegean, north of Crete. Mt. Thera is still the highest point but was once part of a larger main island. Excavations have revealed a maritime trading city-state of considerable wealth preserved under several feet of pumice before a much more violent explosion destroyed anything above that covering. It has been found that first came earthquakes followed by a recovery period that was interrupted by four or five feet of light pumice ash permitting the inhabitants to escape, possibly to Crete. No bodies have been found like at Pompeii. Another quake or else the collapsing of the crust to form a caldera, let the sea into the hot center of what is now a ring of islands. The resulting explosion estimated to be twice the magnitude of the well-documented Krakatoa one and many times that of Mt. St. Helens would have been heard throughout the Mediterranean. Finally, a deluge could have occurred even in dry Egypt because ash acts as nuclei for the formation of hail. In that event it has been estimated that ash rose up to eighteen miles into the atmosphere.

Marinatos in 1939 proposed the volcanic destruction of Crete at the time of the Thera eruption to satisfy the catastrophic ending of a Cretan Atlantis but people demanded a more watery demise. A. G. Galanopoulos believed that Plato had to consider an Atlantic home for Atlantis because the exaggerated dimensions were the result of a translation error in the Egyptian symbol for one hundred as opposed to that for one thousand. Large values in Solons writings should have been reduced by a factor of ten. This makes sense for a Cretan Atlantis as far as both age and size is concerned. Nine thousand years becomes nine hundred so that Attica would have been founded about 1500 BC then the war and subsequent catastrophes some time later. The destruction of the palace at Knossos on Crete has been determined by carbon-14 dating techniques to be 1559 BC 44 years. This is a more recent estimate than the previously published values of 1456 BC 43 years, which was in agreement with the archaeological dating of 1450 BC, but what if the charcoal samples tested, were from palace timbers that were themselves, hundreds of years old?

It is still necessary to combine the traditions of a wetter, more fertile climate to the story if Crete is to be the location of the legendary Atlantis. This speculation does fit the concepts of a maritime power, a great trading nation ruled by kings and having a matriarchal religious system. It lacks only the submergence contention unless there were myths of land being lost to the sea that were part of the popular understanding in the time of Plato and there is indeed the myth of the Deucalion deluge, possibly from the same phenomenon. In Greek myth, Deucalion, the son of Prometheus, and father of Helen, the ancestor of the Hellenic people, made a boat when Zeus decided to destroy all mankind by means of a flood. The boat landed at Mt. Parnassus where he and his wife, Pyrrha, recreated all men and women by throwing stones from the mountain. Modern geologists attribute that flood to the tsunami wave resulting from the Mt. Thera explosion.

Next we will consider how the stories in the Oera Linda Book relate to this tradition. We are told that the sea-king Jon took Minerva to Crete about 1620 BC, that they were in contact with the Greeks who were not independent but paying tribute to some stronger power. The Cretan government reads as though it was loosely governed, not by a powerful despot but by local lords without strong military support, but dependent upon popular belief in their superiority or value which was achieved by a combination of religious fear and a payola system called taxation. This could be an intermediate period between Minoan empires but is most likely the beginning of Late Minoan I-B, a less than splendid era. On some charts this is listed at about 1580 BC but has recently been moved back to possibly 1650 BC with another hundred years to the end of Knossos. It does not take a great natural disaster to end a strong era that is usually recognized by archaeologists as a high taxation, palace or monument building period. All it takes is a revolt followed by smaller autonomous units, perhaps even giving greater freedom to the common population for a period - if that is considered one measure of civilization, but not leaving much evidence.

There was piracy or wars at the time causing Minerva to choose to stay on the very poor country of Crete from where her fame spread to Attica, which they considered less developed. A delegation from Greece wanted her help in throwing off the foreign domination. This is why she moved to Attica to found a citadel she called Athens, the City of Friends and soon afterwards her followers built the two fortified arms to the sea that characterize Piraeus, the port of Athens. After her death, the people chose Geert as a new mother but the princes with the help of an Egyptian priest named Cecrops drove her away. This was a powerful period in Egyptian history, possibly during the reign of Tutmosis III because Egypt had considerable influence over the Phoenicians as well, whom they solicited to attack Piraeus, by sea. Perhaps this was the war that was told to Solon with nationalistic exaggeration.

The escaping Geertmen went through the Nile to the Red Sea and were immediately cut off from pursuit by an earthquake that closed access to that sea. That earthquake was certainly felt in Egypt but if it was the one at Thera or a precursor of that quake it would put the date to approximately 1555 BC instead of 1650. According to one record in the Book, another statement would put it thirty years later but in either case, it agrees well within the modern carbon-14 dating values. We are also told that the Geertmen witnessed new land being built in Persia on their journey to India, which they, much later, named New Geertmania in the time of Alexander. If that uplifting were related to the quake in Egypt then it must have been a very active period in geological history.

The war, the quake, the founding of old Athens, but not Attica has been recalled in the Book. The maritime prowess and stories of citadels with circular moats housing wise priestesses is also supporting evidence for Plato, and of course the name "Atlantis" is so close to "Atland" that it is undoubtedly a word known to ancient Greece and Egypt. The trading wealth, the sophistication of their society all fit, even the stories of giants in those days can be believed if one calls a seven foot woman with a seven foot sword a giant. Ulysses must have brought back quite a tale when he finally returned to the eastern Mediterranean.

According to classical mythology, the Giants were the fourth race of mankind before the Heroes. The first children of Heaven (Uranus) and Earth (Gaea) were three monsters with fifty heads and a hundred hands representing the violent forces of nature. Their father did not care much for them and imprisoned them in the earth hence the earthquakes and eruptions. This tale has striking similarities to many-headed gods depicted in Indian mythology. The next offspring were one-eyed, man-eating Cyclops followed by the more manlike Titans and then came the Giants. It is interesting to note that a ship with a standard compliment of twenty-five rowers per side has fifty heads and a hundred hands. The ornamental bowsprit would make it appear as a monster.

Some of the dates of the Oera Linda Book fit very well with what we know of the ancient Mediterranean, but others, particularly the Egyptian calendar, may need revising. However, as this calendar is used to date most other events in the history of the time, including the Minoan calendar of events, it will be very difficult to accomplish. Some have tried to relate the event of the Biblical Exodus to this time and to the Pharaoh Tutmoses III, suggesting that the explosion on Santorini influenced the strange events recorded in the Old Testament but that is another story. Others want an ancient Atlantis and talk about the three or more hundred feet that the last ice age lowered the sea as "evidence" enough but let us try to keep our feet on the ground. Even if, as a modern theory suggests, the Gulf Stream suddenly broke through the land barrier formed by the lower sea level of an ice age and started flowing under the ice cap, melting and flooding would still take thousands of years, not a day and a night.

Though we were born out of an ice age some ten thousand years ago who is to say we are the first? Our own individual memories and feelings do not convince anyone else not sharing them, so we continue to wait for both geological and archaeological evidence for the existence of an antediluvian Atlantis. It is the authors contention that the old Atlantis may never have existed according to the Plato concept but that both a northern Atland and a Cretan royal power contributed to the myths of Atlantis that Plato recorded as legend.

If this were so then Minnos adventures would have had to occur either centuries before Minerva and Jon or, more likely, just after during a period when Cretan royal power was at a minimum. It is also likely that the subsequent Mycenaean influence on Crete has been exaggerated or limited to part of the island and also that the foreign domination of Attica was not Cretan but from Asia Minor, even Egyptian. There is no dating of the writings of Minno, but he does make reference to Athens as an existing place, dating him to be either contemporary or after their time. It is possible his name was not related to "Minoan" or that he himself picked up his name from Crete.

From Goddess to King, Chapter 22, HISTORICAL EVIDENCE - LEGENDARY SUPPORT

FROM GODDESS TO KING

A History of Ancient Europe from the

OERA LINDA BOOK

By Anthony Radford

CHAPTER 22

HISTORICAL EVIDENCE - LEGENDARY SUPPORT

Thereare very few written accounts about Europe for the period dating before the first recordings of classical Greece. There are many writings from the Near East, the most prolific being Egyptian followed by the Hittite, Arcadian, Hebrew and Assyrian texts of the Fertile Crescent. But this is not our story. Are there any stories relating to old Europe that can support the surviving records of the ancient Frisians? The evidence is going to have to be from geological and archaeological findings with an interpretive approach to surviving historical accounts, which have taken the form of undated legends.

Of the period before our story that is referred to as the "good times before the bad" very little is known. It is referred to as the Age of Taurus the Bull, possibly indicating a religious connecting with bulls as is believed to be the case in Crete two thousand years later and still is a sport today in the Mediterranean. It is also depicted as the Megalith or Pillar Culture with Stonehenge being the best known of many hundred sites. Its construction has been attributed to Romans, Druids and Mycenaeans. Archaeologists and historians could not conceive that such a structure could have been built without Middle-Eastern help so they dated megaliths as being older in the south from where the northern structures learned that skill. Carbon dating has now shown them to date from 2700 to 3500 BC with the stones being older, the farther north one goes, and with those on the Orcades (Orkneys or pig islands) being the oldest.

We are told that the sacred Tex was written on stone at Texland and reproduced in all citadels. Ancient Egyptians referred to the Pillars of Atlas (Hercules) as beyond Gibraltar in the North while later day Greeks put Atlas in North Africa, supporting the world, and moved the pillars to Gibraltar, the end of the known world, to where they are now commonly referred.

The origins of the Near East settlement of Phoenicia are told of a time that predates the Old Testament. One significant reference that lends support to the story is the description of the Philistines. We know that they could be tall like the giant of David but they were also a sophisticated, (compared to rural Israel) seacoast city people who did not speak a Hebrew related language. They are traditionally believed to have come out of the Hittite empire in 1100 BC but our book tells of the mixed Frisian, Finnish, and African racial mix of the Phoenicians; perhaps a much earlier origin of the Philistines. The Old Testament describes them as being descendants of Japhet or Japhetos of Greek mythology who not only came from the north but from the ends of the Earth. In those days the Earth ended with the great encircling ocean (Oceanos) that girdled the known world centered roundabout the Mediterranean. The Egyptians referred to the northern countries at the end of the world. They have numerous reproductions both wall illustrations and petroglyphs from 3000 to 1200 BC of battles with northern seafaring warriors, always being defeated of course. In these murals, the "peoples of the islands of the north", are depicted as white-skinned, blond-haired and blue-eyed. They are usually distinguished from other enemy soldiers by their round shields (like latter day Vikings) and by reed headdresses. The Oera Linda Book has so many missing centuries that little correlation can be made to them.

Herodotus dates the founding of Tyre at 2755 BC by mythical Hercules at a time when Sidon already existed. Our book dates the origin to approximately 2000 BC by Teunis. To Greek historians and also as shown in Caesars writings, the North Africans or Libyans were largely blond-haired and blue-eyed. They were referred to as Northerners or at least believed allied with those who lived beyond the Mediterranean in the West. The ancient Egyptians made the same references. Today we still have the blue-eyed Berbers in North Africa that have been linked to Ireland by some historians, no doubt unable to appreciate the distribution of blue eyes. They are very common in Sicily and have an ancient known tradition in the Holy Land.

Legends also support the sun cult of the northerners, a symbol of monotheism but most myths of unknown places also ascribe diabolical religious ritual worship to the embellished tales just as todays archaeologists usually label anything unknown as a religious artifact. The origin of the name of the island of Helgoland is "Holy Land" and Frisian myths tell how it finally perished beneath the waves in 1216 AD. Very ancient circular fortifications have been discovered on the island and in the surrounding shallows that lend some credence to the concentric moats that surrounded the capital city of the Atlanteans. According to the writings of Plato we read that most citadels had a circular moat. Helgoland was not Fryasburgt on Texland but a neighboring state and possibly a remnant of the original Fryas land before the first recorded disaster.

Archaeology is continually pushing back the clock on the achievements of mankind just as it is still verifying many of our ancient stories once considered to be only fables. Our history is much older than first assessed by the new historians that followed the rudimentary research of the early nineteenth century. These early modern attitudes have assumed that foreigners and especially native cultures that are closer to the earth were inherently inferior. We now know that this is not true, there is much to be learned from all activities of man but it is still surprising when evidence of ancient activity is unearthed that show how similar we still are.

The Kalevala is a Finnish national epic that dates from pre-Christian times. Its oldest form is on runes and depicts a time when the Magyars and Finns were one people, a fact mentioned in the Book. It describes a time of a great natural disaster when shadows covered the earth and the wise men of the North could not determine the dawn or the noon because the moon and the sun were not in season.

There are Western versions of the story of Noah and the Flood as well as Eastern and worldwide versions. Principal among these for our purpose is a collection of three ancient Welsh ballads that tell of disaster and destruction coming from the sky out of which only one family survived at sea. They sailed to the Crimea and hundreds of years later, having greatly increased their numbers returned home to Westland or the White Island of Britain. Even the word Britain and Brittany are explained as the name of one of the returning tribes. This tale does support the far ranging maritime capabilities of very long ago.

The next Western source for information of three thousand years ago is Homer and particularly the "Odyssey". Minerva, whom the Book describes as a Rhine maiden, is depicted as "blue eyed, white armed, fair haired Minerva". She is tall and strong as though these were desirable traits of the gods while Ulysses himself is described as being very large of thigh and very strong with a red beard, "much enduring, divine Jove born son of Laertes, much contriving, city sacker Ulysses." The date of the epics is generally construed to be older than the eighth century BC, but the Oera Linda Book specifically dates the encounter with Calypso as 1188 BC. This would put the ten year Trojan War at 1200BC with the fall of Troy at 1190 BC if the shipping information can be believed. The Book states that twelve years had elapsed without them seeing any Italians in Almanland, and then there came Ulysses, a king from the Ionian Islands, in the largest of three ships. The ancient Greeks believed the fall of Troy to be equivalent to 1183 BC and conventional archeology puts it as 1230 BC. Which is closer?

From Homer we can get an idea of the nature of the Mediterranean population of the time. This is not the unified political and social system described by the Book for the early period but definitely a later one of independent maritime city-states. They spoke a common tongue, were of mixed blood and had kings that were not necessarily regarded as royal. Some were still elected as, after all, Ulysses father, Laertes, who was still alive when he returned twenty years later was a simple farm worker, not a king. It is known that the assembly of older men or agora was the court of supreme authority and was able to overrule the king just as the Laws of Frya depict. Ulysses son, Telemachus did not have royal authority but was more concerned about his own property rights. Many Mediterranean kingdoms at that time used a maternal succession rule in which the son of the old kings youngest daughter or his younger sister would inherit.

Homer does not support even the cherished concepts we have about the polytheistic religion of the time. Homer mentions the monotheistic word God on many occasions, which corresponds to the earlier concepts of the Frisians, and he makes reference to an underlying moral code or at least a sense of right and wrong. That the heroes of the time were of mixed heritage, having the superstitions of Findas people and also Libyan blood, is evident from their mixed coloring as well as from descriptions of Phoenician, Ionian and Cretan settlements in the Book.

Homers use of the word "Phaecians" (literally, black drivers) could have been referring to the Phocaeans, of an eighth century BC Ionian city in Asia Minor who are traditionally believed to have foundered the city of Marseilles in the days of the Ligurians, two centuries later. Egyptians believed them to be a colony of the North people and this could be so if the Ionians can be referred to, as being from the north as originally was the case. More likely it is a reference to the black ships and black sails described by Homer and his own word for them. Jurgen Spanuth (see bibliography) makes a case for the "black drivers" being a reference to the funeral customs of the ancient Northmen that are described in the visit to the souls of the dead companions of Ulysses by Homer. The Vikings in their funeral rituals continued these customs a thousand years ago.

Homers hero, Odysseus (Ulysses), reached the Phaecians by sailing northeast from his sojourn with Calypso on her island. He was impressed with their country, the land of the linen plant, he liked the fine woven cloak that they gave him and noted their sailing skills so they could have been Frya people from the mainland located at the mouth of a European river. This is particularly important because no Mediterranean rivers have the backwash or reverse tides as described by Homer.

These were independent states sharing a common heritage. They were in the Bronze Age but knew of steel as a precious commodity like gold. Although it was a period after the Golden Age of Fryas peoples, perhaps there is enough evidence to suggest that Frisian principles prepared the way for the classical age to come, with all its frailty and humanness. The Greek concept of Agape, or brotherly love, began as an extension of legal rights to neighboring states, an exchange of convenience, and other abstractions developed in the centuries to come that are still valued in our present age. Some Frisian concepts were there, but self sacrifice for community and rights for all did not yet exist in this collection of slave states. Even in the lands at the mouth of the Rhine, long years of selfish struggle had so eroded memories of their origins that Atland had been reduced to a mythical country beyond the north wind.

In the centuries following Homer up to the recorded era of Greek philosophers and historians, Carthage gained in dominance of the western Mediterranean Sea. They were probably the seafarers referred to as Phoenician in the latter part of the Book and they strategically guarded the route to the Cassiterites, or tin islands, Cornwall in Britain and some of the Channel Islands that made them so wealthy. Anything west of the Pillars of Heracles was shrouded in mystery and deceit so that Ancient Greece knew little about the Atlantic. They did hear about Tartessos or Taphos which was the kingdom of Cadiz in southern Atlantic Spain, a Celtic spin-off where originally the burgtmaid had tried to keep a neutral path between the Mother and the Gauls in Kaltas time. It became a very wealthy exporter of Spanish silver and maintained a regular trade with Ireland according to Irish history. It was a classical link to the Atlantic. Others have put Taphos, as one of the pirate islands of the Ionian Sea but Homers mention of Kernie is interesting. Could that have been the mysterious city of Kerenak (Keeren Herne)? These two very tenuous names could be construed to show that Ulysses made it to the Atlantic.

Ancient Europe and India were not strangers to each other as the Book interestingly notes but what is the evidence? Buddhists were known in Alexandria in the third century BC, and there is much evidence of Greek presence or at least their artifacts in India. The Ionians have even been credited with being the first to give the sage, Buddha, a human form in art or effigies. From Herodotus we have reference to the Red Sea or Erythn as the name of the sea that extended all the way to India and included the Persian Gulf while the ancient Arabians referred to the Mediterranean as the White Sea.

Many French cities of the Mediterranean, have traditions, or early stories, of their founding by Greek or Ionian settlers from the sea just as Spanish towns give this credit to the Phoenicians or Carthaginians, the rivals of the Ionians. It is well known that the Romans did not like the sea, preferring land engagements, but hired both Greek and Phoenician seafarers to conquer the Mediterranean.

There are many terms in Latin for seasickness but only one in Greek, an indication of the limited Roman seafaring tradition. Romans invented a plank that plunged a huge spike into an enemy vessel as it was being rammed, locking them together so that Roman foot soldiers could board and fight as on land.

There is a romance to the sea that captures our imagination and has created legends of lost cities sunk beneath the waves with columns of marble, seaweed lined streets and statues of gold. Such a legend is that of Atlantis and also of the city of Ys. Faith in these enchanting tales has created four different locations or separate cities by the name of Ys on the Atlantic coast of Europe, but this has nothing to do with archaeology. An earthquake destroys the city and then it may submerge it, leaving a site that thousands of years later is nothing like what the imagination might construct.

Still, we are made of dreams and like to be entertained by them so not every conclusion has to be utilitarian and scientific or we would wonder if beauty had a purpose. Is not beauty as necessary as daydreaming and as essential for inspiring our creativity?

Other more reliable evidence can be found in the ancient land route to the north, the great north-south highway that ran up the Rhone and the Sae to the Seine valleys. This road carried yellow amber from the Frisian Islands and the Baltic to the south and Mediterranean (Red Sea) coral to the north. This ties in with the jutten trade mentioned in the Book and also the selling of the island of Marseilles to the Phoenicians for trade. Although the road existed since times ancient in the Roman era, the items of trade were more perishable than the relics which archaeologists can still find in the earth. A list of these commodities is given in the Book with respect to sea trade and includes paper (parchment) as a valuable export from the North long before the Classical age, but it is not something that would still be found. There is no question that amber was a valuable item of trade. It is found only in the north and was probably the "orichalc" mentioned by Homer and once thought to be a special alloy of gold. The original meaning of the word "glass" was amber, a translucent material that can generate an electric charge when rubbed on a dry cloth. Our word electricity is derived from the Greek word for amber.

That the ancient world was ignorant of the North is no more true than claiming that they knew nothing of India. When discoveries are made, they usually set back the date when man was first known to have achieved some prowess of civilization such as writing or seamanship and commerce. The North does not have dry deserts and undisturbed sites buried in the sands of time. Vegetation is continually growing there so a pristine discovery, like the city of the Persians, Persepolis that is mentioned by Greek historians does not excite the explorer in the busy North. The East does not have exclusive rights to the beginnings of civilization. Modern dating techniques now show, for example, that copper mines along the great rivers of Europe had been worked out and new ones opened in a west to east direction over time. This shows that very ancient occupants of the continent exploited the minerals long before the classical Bronze Age of southeastern Europe.

Julius Caesar wrote about his campaigns in the North and discovered a formidable enemy who would rather die, then become slaves of Rome. He killed a million of them and remarked how few rituals and sacrifices they observed in their religious life. He just didnt understand them and as is typical of human judgments, he tended to denigrate what he did not understand or that which was simply different.

For those who support the forgery theory for the Oera Linda Book, one would have to ask why, and also question the choice of a language older than any known version. What was to be gained by keeping it unpublished for so long? Perhaps, more significantly, one could ask what ego construct is being challenged in the doubters.

With so much of national character being attributed to the challenges of a seafaring life, it is appropriate to examine the type of ships, which were used in ancient times. There is much historical literature on the Roman ships of a later time but really very little surviving physical evidence that even permits an understanding of their construction or manipulation of multiple banks of oars. Go back two thousand years before Rome and there is no evidence but it does not mean man was incapable of sailing the ocean. It does not mean that all man knew about boats were reed crafts found depicted on seals of the time in Sumer. It simply means that the evidence has not survived.

What were the ships of old like? From recorded history there were reed ships, sometimes coated with tar, in both Egypt and Sumeria before 3000 BC. They have been typically judged as not seaworthy enough for ocean voyages. This has been disproved in the case of Sumer for Sumerians carried on significant trade with Dilmun (Bahrain) from the mouth of the Tigris and even sailed to India, (the Indus River) and around the Arabian peninsular to the Egyptian Red Sea. From about 2900 BC there are some hieroglyphics that tell of forty armed ships that were dispatched from the Nile to Byblos, in Lebanon, to buy cedar-wood for ship building. These ships had both oars and a square sail supported by a double mast in the shape of an inverted "vee". They carried twenty oars per side and had two long steering oars thus there is evidence of ocean going ships in recorded history, hundreds of years before the Book records the early voyages of the sea-kings.

Both Egypt and Sumeria lacked forested areas so it is likely that other ancient civilizations were building wooden ships long before them. Then there is the story of Noah, which must date from an earlier time, and in some versions of the legend, considerable distances are described such as from Wales to Crimea. Noah had to have had a good-sized vessel but we cannot use myth to validate myth.

By 2000 BC Crete had an alliance with Egypt to use its navy to control the Eastern Mediterranean and keep the pirates in check so Jons followers did not invent piracy. By the sixteenth century BC, Crete had separate merchant and military designs for ships, both large and small. The Mediterranean had evolved beamy ships for trade, one hundred and twenty feet long and thirty-six feet wide long before the tale of Minerva. Later on in classical Greek times, a combination armed merchant craft was in use that was smaller and faster; were times getting more complicated for trade, with Phoenician, Carthaginian, Roman, Ionian and Greek ships competing for profitable territories? The older times that described huge fleets of Frisian armed merchants had ended, as the might of numbers no longer commanded respect on the commercial front. The peace of Rome had not yet developed and whether it was ever a maritime peace is open to debate.

Early vessels usually lowered the whole sail and mast assembly when oars took over. They carried several anchors, sometimes a round stone with a hole in the middle but some of these that have been found could have been used to support the base of the mast. Twin steering oars gave way to a single one on a side and the central tiller was in use by Ionian settlers in Asia Minor in the forth century BC. The steering mechanism of the Frisians is not known, but Homer gives us a few clues for the time of the Odyssey. He tells of a single steering oar, the lowering of the mast when beached, and of rowers benches under which cargo or personal effects were stored. The high prow was colored for identification purposes, a custom that led to carvings and statue-like figureheads depicting gods or the like. While six men could manage his ship, Odysseus probably needed forty to fill the benches.

Later in the eighth century BC the Greeks used biremes, which, according to Herodotus were double the standard complement of twenty-five oars on a side; so a total of 100 rowers would be needed but some larger ships would have used two rowers for each oar. These eighty feet long by ten feet wide ships were built for speed and were equipped with a battering ram to sink the enemy. Triremes, triple size, rowed vessels, were in standard military use by the fifth century BC so that naval warfare mandated at least 150 rowers per vessel and slaves were the motoring forces. The ships all had single masts with square sails, which could be lowered in time of battle or foul weather.

There can be no question that Europeans have come out of a goddess culture. In the religious preoccupation, the Virgin Mary had taken the place of the Mother who for centuries was ranked above the male concept of God with Jesus being identified with a sacrificial young king. To extrapolate these concepts that were believed in countries influenced by the Mediterranean to all of Europe is as incorrect as doing that to all of Asia. This story is older than those beliefs and shows a simple version of from where some of these ideas have come and where the inevitable power struggle of priests, kings and politicians have taken us.

From Goddess to King, Chapter 21, FRYA, THE FORGOTTEN GODDESS

FROM GODDESS TO KING

A History of Ancient Europe from the

OERA LINDA BOOK

By Anthony Radford

CHAPTER 21

FRYA, THE FORGOTTEN GODDESS

radford-chapter-21 A 6000 year old statue found in Yugoslavia that is believed to be of the Mother Goddess Frya.

Tothe Frisians, Frya was their Great Mother, the mother of the white race. She was teacher and lawgiver, so wise, so beautiful, the perfect creation of the Oldest One, Wr-Alda or God. She gave birth to their ancestors, twenty-four at a time, twelve men and twelve women every year. This was the third experiment in the creation of human life after Lyda, the mother of the black race and Finda, the mother of the yellow race. They claim that on the third try, the Mother was given a conscience which prevented some of the deceit and domination they liked to characterize in the priests and princes of the other two races but in particular, the yellow race. They claim that all the races of mankind are descended from combinations of these three basic root races. There is at least evidence of this so far as Europe is concerned in its racial makeup.

Her laws were given to her children after the great geological disaster that destroyed the old land, Atland, or their ancient home. They were designed to protect a new society, which would no longer have direct access to their mother. They would use an Earth Mother and local maidens to answer their questions of justice, to be the conscience of their many different states that encompassed the entire continent of Europe. Frya was leaving. After giving her sacred Tex to Fasta, her first Earth Mother, she ascended heavenward to her watch-star where she continued to watch over her children. Again, we have a very common aspect of the myths of divinity. The gods do not die, they have celestial homes to where they can retreat.

For the next two thousand years Frya was openly and officially acknowledged as the Great Mother next to Wr-Alda or God and Irtha or Mother Earth herself. Her followers grew less and less numerous, occupying a smaller and smaller Fryasland until the whole system of matriarchal maidens and their virgin helpers tending the sacred lamps first lit by Frya had become no more than a power tool in the hands of ambitious male kings. If it is put in perspective, however, a two-thousand-year-old nation based upon both the principles of individual freedom and community service for male and female citizens is unique.

The peoples of North and Western Europe did not easily forget Frya even after the deliberate suppression of her following by Christian monks. Like all enlightened entities or personages, she never wanted to be worshipped. A follower or disciple is one who has the discipline to follow the teachings, which are for the benefit of those followers themselves not the praise of the goddess. This too, eventually became corrupted into goddess worship and prayer for benefactions, to satisfy desires and alleviate hardships. The teachings in The Oera Linda Book tell us of few direct boons from Frya and her earth mothers. Instead they teach how self-reliance and cooperation with others together yield favorable results for whoever is willing to work. There is no distinction here for her children, as the same laws apply to the children of Lyda and Finda, all children of Wr-Alda.

What do the published records tell us about Frya? Starting with the popular encyclopedias, we find that Frya is not mentioned but that she had many names and many spellings, such as Frigg, Friia, Mardoll, Horn, Gefin and Syr, mostly developed during early Christian times when pagan beliefs were hard to eradicate. Freya is mentioned in the Encyclopaedia Britannica as the sister and female counterpart of Freyr or Frey, a son of the fertility god Njord. She is the most renowned goddess of Norse mythology in charge of love, fertility, battle and death. Pigs were sacred to her and she rode a sow with golden whiskers and drove a chariot drawn by cats.

She chose half of the heroes slain in battle for her great hall of Folkvanger while Odin or Wodin got the rest for Valhalla. One story we recognize while the feminine version is little known. Freya is accused of teaching witchcraft to the Aesir tribe of gods, where she was known as Frigg, the wife of Odin, even the mother of Thor, perhaps part of the campaign to discredit her. Another story has her searching the world for her lost husband, the father of her children Hnoss and Gersemi and weeping tears of gold.

Frigg is remembered in Iceland as the mother of Balder who died despite her efforts to save him. She was depicted as a loving mother and also as a person of loose morals. In Germany there is Frija and Frea the warrior wife of Godan or Wodin. All these stories with their various permutations date from a time two to three thousand years after the actual recorded presence of Frya in Europe, and have projected on them many of the very human frailties and much of the sorcery that the Magi used for political control. Freya is remembered in Sweden and Iceland, but has little presence in her home land of Friesland, although throughout Europe there are many place-names and family names derived from Frya. Perhaps the English words of "free" and "friend" are the best known of these.

Most of us like to hear a good story, and many of these stories were part of an oral tradition that embellished them. Just as todays soap operas do not represent an average family but dramatize elements of anguish and frailty, so too has mythology emphasized the suffering of the heroes. Such embroidering brings heroes down to a human level as well as up to a god level, but the more mundane or nobler truths surrounding their origins in history are put at risk.

A way to discover Frya is to research Fasta, the chosen first Earth Mother who had the divine connection with Frya. In Greece Hestia was the goddess of the hearth and one of the twelve Olympian deities. She presided over all sacrifices, something that Fasta would not have appreciated, and was also celibate. In Rome, six Vestal Virgins were attached to the temple of the goddess Vesta. They served for thirty years beginning at an age between six and nine and were chosen from patrician families by the pontificus maximus (head priest). They previously served a shorter time but were subject to many rules and traditions that were already ancient in the time of Rome. Besides annual fertility festivals and cleansing rituals for the city, they tended the sacred fire that was symbolic of the need for fire in the hearth of every home. The fire was probably in the form of a lamp, or else embers of charcoal, but the symbolism had survived.

The earlier kings of Rome bore the title: "King of the Sacred Rites" which may be indicative of Finda origins and the fact that a man was in charge and chose the virgins demonstrates this as well. Politics, not religion, was the dominating force, and all this is 2000 years after Fasta, a remarkable if distorted lineage.

Fastas laws were a divine prototype from Frya. Man had to grow up and take charge of his own life, a theme reflected in most ancient myths as well as in individual lives, but it was not without help from above. Both Holy Scriptures and new age writings suggest that our transformations and developments are said to be inspired or breathed into us from something greater than ourselves. Fryas sacred Tex is more of a social and moral code than a contract of civil law but a practical Fasta produced a code complete for the new society of the time. It may well have established our present elements of contracts, welfare and the parliamentary system as well as the concept of legal precedence. Fastas code also molded their society for millennia to come, something that cannot be claimed for Hammurabi who lived four hundred years later in Babylon and has been credited with being the first law codifier.

Western civilization traces much of its very earliest culture to Mesopotamia, such as astronomy, geometry and the Biblical stories of Genesis which originate from the very beginning of recorded times, much older than the Hebrew versions with which we are familiar. That influence may even have been of a global nature. If Frya was a goddess or an omniscient, omnipotent being, she would have known of the ancient East, even been a part of it. Proponents of space theories of the gods, will be intrigued by very early statues reputed to be of Frya showing her in flight gear. They are older than the earth mothers, The most famous of these is a seven-inch idol found in Yugoslavia and reputed to be 6000 years old. It portrays an "outfit" which cannot be called ordinary clothing; a helmet with facemask and goggles, pressure bands on the suit and a pendant that looks like an instrument. Then there are numerous statues, both earlier and later, of pregnant women or "Venuses" that have been lumped together as fertility goddesses. These have been found from Russia to Bulgaria to France. According to the Book, the whole of Europe was once Fryas land before the first disaster of the twenty-second century BC. Could these figurines represent Frya, the literal mother figure of their mythology?

Gods and goddesses have changed their sex throughout the ages. Women priestesses have worn false beards, and male priests and kings have worn false breasts. Could it be possible that the Nordic god Frey was once the goddess Frya? In Swedish mythology he has been called the consort of Freya while other traditions say that Frey or Freyr is just a form of address like lord. Could the Indian god Indira once have been the goddess Finda? The storytellers have never missed an opportunity to embellish or change a tale if it improves its acceptance anymore than the businessmen priests could resist the solidification of a power.

By the time of the early Christian Church in Europe, the pagan religion was no longer the original simple belief system that Frya inspired, but one corrupted by thousands of years of superstition and magical rites. Some of our own surviving festivals such as May Day, Halloween, even Easter and Christmas are adaptations of earlier superstitious yearly events but neither Fryas land nor the modern age can give the "religious experience" that the Magy could deliver. Early Christianity was impinged on the populous by some idealistic kings that saw a more pure connection in the new religion than those beliefs that were current at the time, however, the zeal of the enforcers suppressed the very knowledge of the origins of the pagan cultures. Neither the old ways nor the new viewpoints were serving a feminine side to be experienced by the psychological need of the people. Western man was being forced into a patriarchal age isolated from his soul.

From Goddess to King, Chapter 20, A ROYAL KING AT THE END OF AN AGE

FROM GODDESS TO KING

A History of Ancient Europe from the

OERA LINDA BOOK

By Anthony Radford

CHAPTER 20

A ROYAL KING AT THE END OF AN AGE

Frieslandis now divided between the Netherlands, Denmark and Germany with about 500,000 people in North Holland. The language, recognized as being the closest to English of the Germanic tongues, is giving way to Dutch and German. History recalls them as being settled by a nomadic Germanic tribe with many subsequent occupations including one by the Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne who converted them to Christianity.

Local tradition recalls some early kings including Friso, Ubbo (Adel) and Askar but except for some anecdotes, little is known. Here the Book begins to enter pages of western history, giving details of how elected leaders, that is, task performers, continued their efforts at making their positions and privileges permanent and hereditary.

The beginning of the next entry has been lost. The author is not known but may have been a family member of Beeden, the previous writer. He tells the story of Black Adel, the fourth king after Friso, who cemented on the royal yoke ever more firmly. He did it in an amicable way by appealing to the poor for support, putting the blame for their hardships on the rich, and also placing the burden of state expenses on those who could most easily afford it. The poor rallied to him, as he grew richer. He was the first king to keep the lucrative position of chief count, or Askar, thus consolidating the government even further.

Black Adel or King Askar as he was called, appealed to nationalistic pride to promote military might at the expense of education. Addressing a general assembly of the burgers in a town he visited, he went out of his way to placate them in the presence of the powerful poor. It is beginning to sound like Rome with its plebeians and patricians but was by no means as stratified as it was in the Roman State where wealth grew wealth and poverty grew poverty.

It does sound familiar, as our own present day politics appears to have nothing new in it. Even the fact that the tall man usually wins a modern election was an advantage in Askars time; he was seven feet tall and well liked by the community.

That these westerners had a reputation for being tall, even giants in old myths has often been stated but was a foot equal to twelve modern inches or 30.48 centimeters? We know that the Egyptians had a royal cubit that was standardized in stone at 20.62 inches long and divided into 28 digits. For a thousand years of Mediterranean commerce, the Greeks used a foot of 30.88 centimeters was that was divided into 12 fingers, one being about three percent larger than the Egyptian digit or only two percent larger than the same proportion of the Babylonian cubit. The Romans adapted the Greek system but divided the foot into 12 unciae or inches. These measures were more accurate than the attempts made in the Middle Ages to standardize the royal foot or arm with grains of barley made necessary because of commercial cheating. It has also been found that a Roman foot shrank to about eleven inches, no doubt for the same reason, but it can be assumed that the ancient measure of these tall peoples was apparently not a small foot, but very close to the foot of today.

King Asker started the games that became the sport of jousting as training for the youth. His military ambitions were directed to recovering the whole of Gaul, those old southern lands lost to their "degenerate brothers", the Celts. But his plans which would soon founder in the rising tide of Roman power were taken up by the Cimbri, a German nation that was to give much trouble to Rome.

Of interest is the fitting of naval ships with twin prows to support steel crossbows. Iron weapons had already been in use for two thousand years by the Frisians, but spring steel requires very high temperatures and a skill in tempering. Carbon was added directly to wrought iron, which is essentially pure iron, by successive hammering while red hot and folding until it looks like flaky pastry. Charcoal furnaces and bellows-driven air were necessary to achieve the critical temperature. The manuscript continues with copying errors and water damage from previous versions.

...therefore, I will first write about Black Adel. Black Adel was the fourth king after Friso. In his youth he studied first at Texland, and then at Stavern, and afterwards traveled through all the states. When he was twenty-four years old his father had him elected Askar. As soon as he became Askar he always took the part of the poor.

"The rich", he said, "do enough of wrong by means of their wealth, therefore we ought to take care that the poor look up to us." By arguments of this kind he became the friend of the poor and the terror of the rich. It was carried so far that his father looked up to him.

When his father died he succeeded, and then he wished to retain his office as well, as the kings of the East used to do. The rich would not suffer this, so all the people rose up, and the rich were glad to get out of the assembly with whole skins. From that time there was no more talk of equality. He oppressed the rich and flattered the poor, by whose assistance he succeeded in all his wishes.

King Askar, as he was always called, was seven feet high, and his strength was as remarkable as his height. He had a clear intellect, so that he understood all that was talked about, but in his actions he did not display much wisdom. He had a handsome countenance and a smooth tongue, but his soul was blacker than his hair.

When he had been king for a year, he obliged all the young men in the state to come once a year to the camp to have a sham fight. At first he had some trouble with it, but at last it became such a habit that old and young came from all sides to ask if they might take part in it. When he had brought it to this point, he established military schools. The rich complained that their children no longer learned to read and write.

Askar paid no attention to it; but shortly afterwards when a sham fight was held, he mounted a throne and spoke aloud:

"The rich have come to complain to me that their boys do not learn to read and write. I answered nothing; but I will now declare my opinion, and let the general assembly decide."

While they all regarded him with curiosity, he said further: "According to my idea, we ought to leave reading and writing at present to the maidens and wise people. I do not wish to speak ill of our forefathers; I will only say that in the times so vaunted by some, the burgtmaidens introduced disputes into our country, which the Mothers were unable, either first or last, to put an end to.

"Worse still, while they talked and chattered about useless customs the Gauls came and seized all our beautiful southern country. Even at this very time our degenerate brothers and their soldiers have already come over the Scheldt. It therefore remains for us to choose whether we will carry a yoke or a sword. If we wish to be and to remain free, it behooves our young men to leave reading and writing alone for a time; and instead of playing games of swinging and wrestling, they must learn to play with sword and spear.

"When we are completely prepared, and the boys are big enough to carry helmet and shield and to use their weapons, then, with your help, I will attack the enemy. The Gauls may then record the defeat of their helpers and soldiers upon our fields with the blood that flows from their wounds. When we have once expelled the enemy, then we must follow it up till there are no more Gauls, Slaves or Tartars to be driven out of Fryas inheritance."

"That is right," the majority shouted, and the rich did not dare to open their mouths. He must certainly have thought over this address and had it written out, for on the evening of the same day there were copies in at least twenty different hands, and they all sounded the same. Afterwards he ordered the ship people to make double prows, upon which steel crossbows could be fixed. Those who were backward in doing this were fined, and if they swore that they had no means, the rich men of the village were obliged to pay.

The ancient and unknown author next tells about the peoples of Scotland who were under the dominion of the Gauls. They were poorly armed but did have some surviving iron pieces, and the importance of iron weapons in ancient times has been repeatedly stated. The Frisians had the secret of iron smelting from charcoal. Iron was produced in the forested mountains where the ore was found but weapon forging and steel making was a classified citadel industry and is perhaps the hitherto unknown source of such stories in our own mythology as the tale of Vulcans forge. Remember his wife was the beautiful Venus.

The storyteller uses the terms "Far Cretans" for Greeks and "Near Cretans" for Italians. The story of the Greek sacking of Troy is related and also of the Trojan settlement of Rome. He then delineates the expansion of Rome over the Phoenicians and Carthage as well as over the Gauls as far north as Southern Britain. This lets us date these writings to the time of the Julian Emperors (first century AD) but an estimate of the time of king Askar would be before the turn of the millennium when "barbarians" were causing Italy problems. The Romans campaigned in Gaul and eventually Caesar annexed Gaul as a province between 59 and 52 BC. He stopped at the Rhine and neither he nor Augustus was able to occupy the Frisian held lands north of the river.

The Roman occupation drove the head priest of the Gauls into Scotland where Kerenak is clearly defined on a cape near some islands. Kerenak meaning "chosen corner" was known as Kaltasburgh, or the citadel of the renegade mother, Kalta, who gave her name to the Celtics some 1500 years earlier. King Askar who had traveled there before with trading ships took the castle with Saxon mercenaries and plundered the Gauls horde of gold. That this was a place from where raids on Phoenician ships and towns could be made is confusing. It does show however that the Phoenician or perhaps more accurately, the Carthaginian navy was very active on the side of the Celts and in opposition to Rome until its destruction in 146 BC. After the fall of Carthage surviving ships found an ally with the remaining Gauls in the north. Some hundreds of years later in Britain the Romans were to build two long walls to help defend the north of Britain from what must have been an intractable enemy.

Now we shall see what resulted from all this bustle. In the north part of Britain there exists a Scotch people - the most of them spring from Fryas blood - some of them are descended from the followers of Kalta, and for the rest, from Britons and fugitives who gradually, in the course of time, took refuge there from the tin mines. Those who come from the tin mines have wives, either altogether foreign or of foreign descent.

They are all under the dominion of the Gauls. Their arms are wooden bows and arrows pointed with stags horn or flint. Their houses are of turf and straw, and some of them live in caves in the mountains. Sheep that they have stolen form their only wealth. Some of the descendants of Kaltas followers still have iron weapons, which they have inherited from their forefathers.

In order to make myself well understood, I must let alone for a while my account of the Scotch people, and write something about the near Cretans. The Cretans formerly belonged to us only, but from time immemorial descendants of Lyda and Finda have established themselves there. Of these last there came in the end a whole troop from Troy. Troy is the name of a town that the far Cretans had taken and destroyed.

When the Trojans had nestled themselves among the near Cretans, with time and industry they built a strong town with walls and citadels named Rome, that is, Spacious. When this was done, the people by craft and force made themselves masters of the whole land.

The people who live on the south side of the Mediterranean Sea, come for the most part from Phoenicia. The Phoenicians (Puniers or Carthaginians) are a bastard race of the Blood of Frya, Finda, and Lyda. The Lyda people were there as slaves, but by the unchastity of the women these black people have degenerated the other people and dyed them brown.

These people and the Romans are constantly struggling for the supremacy over the Mediterranean Sea. The Romans, moreover, live at enmity with the Phoenicians; and their priests, who wish to assume the sole government of the world, cannot bear the sight of the Gauls. First they took from the Phoenicians Marseilles - then all the countries lying to the south, the west, and the north, as well as the southern part of Britain - and they have always driven away the Phoenician priests, that is the Gauls, of whom thousands have sought refuge in North Britain.

A short time ago the chief of the Gauls was established in the citadel, which is called Kerenak, that is the corner, whence he issued his commands to the Gauls. All their gold was likewise collected there. Keeren Herne (chosen corner), or Kerenak, is a stone citadel which did belong to Kalta. Therefore the maidens of the descendants of Kaltas followers wished to have the citadel again. Thus through the enmity of the maidens and the Gauls, hatred and quarreling spread over the mountain country with fire and sword.

Our sea people often came there to get wool, which they paid for with prepared hides and linen. Askar had often gone with them, and had secretly made friendship with the maidens and some princes, and bound himself to drive the Gauls out of Kerenak. When he came back there again he gave to the princes and the fighting men iron helmets and steel bows.

War had come with him, and soon blood was streaming down the slopes of the mountains. When Askar thought a favorable opportunity occurred, he went with forty ships and took Kerenak and the chief of the Gauls, with all his gold. The people with whom he fought against the soldiers of the Gauls, he had enticed out of Saxony by promises of much booty and plunder. Thus nothing was left to the Gauls. After that he took two islands for stations for his ships, from which he used later to sally forth and plunder all the Phoenician ships and towns that he could reach.

When he returned he brought nearly six hundred of the finest youths of the Scotch mountaineers with him. He said that they had been given him as hostages, that he might be sure that the parents would remain faithful to him; but this was untrue. He kept them as a bodyguard at his court, where they had daily lessons in riding and in the use of all kinds of arms. The Denmarkers, who proudly considered themselves sea-warriors above all the other sea-people, no sooner heard of the glorious deeds of Askar, than they became jealous of him to such a degree, that they would bring war over the sea and over his lands. See here, then, how he was able to avoid a war.

Maidens still aspired to be Mothers and one such was the Burgtmaid of Stavia. She wanted Askar to rebuild her citadel and offered him her assistance in uniting the peoples on both sides of the Rhine. To this end she devoted two years on a grand tour, campaigning at every stop. Her propaganda was not much different from that previously employed by the Magy in taking the land and previously related in the Book.

Some of the Germans are described here, where after a few hundred years of priestly rule and much intermarriage, matriarchal customs still were observed. There were maidens who taught the young and advised the old. It shows us that the customs of the people can be stronger and more tenacious than those imposed by conquest. While subjugation by ideology or race may upset the temporal power, it may not prevail against many long-standing practices.

This account describes some of the diverse peoples and customs that were then becoming the European mix as we now know it from recorded history, particularly from the Roman campaigns.

Among the ruins of the destroyed citadel of Stavia there was still established a clever Burgtmaid, with a few maidens. Her name was Reintja, and she was famed for her wisdom. This Maiden offered her assistance to Askar, on condition that he should afterwards rebuild the citadel of Stavia. When he had bound himself to do this, Reintja went with three maidens to Hals.

She traveled by night, and by day she made speeches in all the markets and in all the assemblies. Wr-Alda, she said, had told her by his thunder that all the Fryas people must become friends, and united as brothers and sisters, otherwise Findas people would come and sweep them off the face of the earth.

After the thunder Fryas seven watch-maidens appeared to her in a dream seven nights in succession. They had said, that-

"Disaster hovers over Fryas land with yoke and chains; therefore all the people who have sprung from Fryas blood must do away with their surnames, and only call themselves Fryas children, or Fryas people. They must all rise up and drive Findas people out of Fryas inheritance. If you will not do that, you will bring the slave-chains around your necks, and the foreign chiefs will ill-treat your children and flog them till the blood streams into your graves. Then shall the spirits of your forefathers appear to you, and reproach your cowardice and thoughtlessness."

The stupid people who, by the acts of the Magyars, were already so much accustomed to folly, believed all that she said, and the mothers clasped their children to their bosoms. When Reintja had brought the king of Hals and the others to an agreement, she sent messengers to Askar, and went herself along the Baltic Sea. From there she went to the Lithauers, so-called because they always strike at their enemys face.

The Lithauers are fugitives and banished people of our own race who wander about in Germany. Their wives have been mostly stolen from the Tartars. The Tartars are a branch of Findas race, and are thus named by the German landers because they will never be at peace, but provoke people to fight.

She proceeded on beyond Saxony, crossing through the other German lands in order always to repeat the same thing. After two years had passed, she came along the Rhine home. Among the German landers she gave herself out for a Mother, and said that they might return as free and true people; but then they must go over the Rhine and drive the Gauls out of Fryas south lands. If they did that, then her King Askar would go over the Scheldt and win back the land.

Among the German landers many bad customs of the Tartars and Magyars have crept in, but likewise many of our laws have remained. Therefore they still have maidens, who teach the children and advise the old. In the beginning they were opposed to Reintja, but at last she was followed, obeyed, and praised by them where it was useful or necessary.

The narrative about King Askar continues and is probably the work of a descendent of Beeden who, it appears, was the count of Lindwerd and possibly Grenega, a neighboring state.

Askar allies himself with the King of Hals by marrying his daughter who was following pagan ways. The good husband was subsequently accused of idolatry, by Prontlik, the Mother at Texland. Now Gosa had been named as the last elected Earth Mother so it is likely that the Burgtmaid at Texland, the last surviving citadel, would assume this title in a disunited Friesland. Anyway, Askar did not keep his promise to Reintja, his Burgtmaid, to rebuild the citadel. No doubt he wanted his own castle to be the only authority in his state of Stavia.

Here we have an attitude about the "pagans" that was to be one day used against themselves by Christian monks who in turn used the very methods they condemned. Even the word "propaganda" here used in a translation and implying the tactics of the Magi contains the word "pagan" while the word "barbarian" was a Roman way of distinguishing themselves from foreigners because it was the Roman custom to shave. As so much of our understanding of history has come through the Roman tradition, it has given many adverse connotations to words that simply describe differences.

Reintja complained of Askars non-Frisian habits to Prontlik who sent a message throughout the lands in the manner of the Earth Mother. The result was contrary to what was expected, as hereditary kings were now quick to support their own kind. The King of Hals attacked Texland and burnt the last citadel to the ground.

Prontlik and Reintja with their maidens sought refuge with the narrator. Worried that Askar might attack his state, he devised a ploy whereby they would be safe in a wooded area protected by the rumors of ghosts and magic in the style of the magi.

As soon as Askar heard from Reintjas messengers how the Jutlanders were disposed, he immediately, on his side, sent messengers to the King of Hals. The ship in which the messengers went was laden with womens ornaments, and took also a golden shield on which Askars portrait was artistically represented.

These messengers were to ask the Kings daughter, Frethogunsta, in marriage for Askar. Frethogunsta came a year after that to Stavern. Among her followers was a Magy, for the Jutlanders had been long ago corrupted. Soon after Askar had married Frethogunsta, a church was built at Stavern. In the church were placed monstrous images bedecked with gold-woven dresses. It is also said that Askar, by night, and at unseasonable times, kneeled to them with Frethogunsta; but one thing is certain, the citadel of Stavia was never rebuilt.

Reintja was already come back, and went angrily to Prontlik the Mother, at Texland, to complain. Prontlik sent out messengers in all directions, who proclaimed that Askar is gone over to Idolatry. Askar took no notice of this, but unexpectedly a fleet arrived from Hals. In the night the maidens were driven out of the citadel, and in the mourning there was nothing to be seen of the citadel but a glowing heap of rubbish. Prontlik and Reintja came to me for shelter.

When I reflected upon it, I thought that it might prove bad for my state. Therefore, we hit upon a plan which might serve us all. This is the way we went to work. In the middle of the Krijlwood, to the east of Liudwert, lies our place of refuge, which can only be reached by a concealed path. A long time ago I had established a garrison of men who all hated Askar, and kept away all other people.

Now it was come to such a pitch among us, that many women, and even men, talked about ghosts, white women and gnomes, just like the Denmarkers. Askar had made use of all of these follies for his own advantage, and we wished to do the same. One dark night I brought the Maiden to the citadel, and afterwards they went with their serving-maids dressed in white along the path, so that nobody dare go there any more.

During this final part of the Oera Linda Book, we are told how King Askar dealt with many foreigners and used their ways whenever it suited him. Also how the fleet was used more for piracy on the Phoenician trading ships of the Gauls than in legitimate trade as before, and what the consequence of this was.

According to the Book, there is always a consequence when the laws of Frya are violated for too long and this particular complaint is about Askars non-Frisian habits. The writer of this piece shows his prejudices against foreigners and it is not so different from attitudes still prevalent in todays society. In the time of Askar, the consequences were a plague. The easy booty of their pirate activities had weakened their own productivity and they were compelled to use slaves, forbidden by Wr-Alda, and continue the spoliation.

Disaster came when they plundered a whole fleet complete with many foreign rowers and infected crewmen. Even the goods carried the infection, probably an early version of the bubonic plague. The last narrator kept foreigners and the pillaged goods out of his country thereby avoiding the plague, which killed a thousand times as many people as the number of slaves, that Askar had brought into his territories.

The plague must have had far reaching effects, for many Germans were freed by it but were not welcomed into Askars land. He then describes the origin of the "All-men" tribe and the Franks. In his scheming ways, Askar had the warring Germans elect his nephew as duke or overlord to prevent local conflicts and then invaded them himself, thinking that they would welcome him as their overlord. Instead, the Franks, who did not accept the new duke, captured Askar but not recognizing him, he was traded by the Franks for an important Celtic captive.

Here ends the book with neither Askar nor the remaining burgtmaidens succeeding in any attempt to reunite Fryas people and taking back their lost lands.

When Askar thought he had his hands free, he let the Magyars travel through his states under all kinds of names, and except in my state, they were not turned away anywhere. After that Askar had become so connected with the Jutlanders and the Denmarkers, they all went roving together; but it produced no real good to them. They brought all sorts of foreign treasures home, and just for that reason the young men would learn no trades, nor work in the fields; so at last he was obliged to take slaves; but that was altogether contrary to Wr-Aldas wish and to Fryas counsel.

Therefore the punishment was sure to follow it. This is the way in which the punishment came. They had all together taken a whole fleet that came out of the Mediterranean Sea. This fleet was laden with purple cloths and other valuables that came from Phoenicia. The weak people of the fleet were put ashore south of the Seine, but the strong people were kept to serve as slaves. The most handsome were retained ashore, and the ugly and black were kept on board ship as rowers.

In the Fly the plunder was divided, but, without their knowing it, they divided the punishment too. Of those who were placed in the foreign ships six died of colic. It was thought that the food and drink were poisoned, so it was all thrown overboard, but the colic remained all the same. Wherever the slaves or the goods came, there it came too. The Saxmen took it over to their marshes. The Jutlanders brought it to Scandinavia and along the coasts of the Baltic Sea, and with Askars mariners it was taken to Britain.

We and the people of Grenega did not allow either the people or the goods to come over our boundaries, and therefore we remained free from it. How many people were carried off by this disease I cannot tell; but Prontlik, who heard it afterwards from the maidens, told me that Askar had helped out of his states a thousand times more free-men than he had brought dirty slaves in.

When the pest had ceased, the German landers who had become free came to the Rhine, but Askar would not put himself on an equality with the princes of that vile degenerate race. He would not suffer them to call themselves Fryas children, as Reintja had offered them, but he forgot then that he himself had black hair. Among the German landers there were two tribes who did not call themselves German landers.

One came from the far southeast, and called themselves Allemannen. They had given themselves this name when they had no women among them, and were wandering as exiles in the forests. Later on they stole women from the slave people like the Lithauers, but they kept their name.

The other tribe, that wandered about in the neighborhood, called themselves Franks, not because they were free, but the name of their first king was Frank, who, by the help of the degenerate maidens, had had himself made hereditary king over his people. The people nearest to him called themselves Thioth - his sons, that is, sons of the people. They had remained free, because they never would acknowledge any king, or prince, or master except those chosen by general consent in a general assembly.

Askar had already learned from Reintja that the German princes were almost always at war with each other. He proposed to them that they should choose a duke from his people, because, as he said, he was afraid that they would quarrel among themselves for the supremacy. He said also that his princes could speak with the Gauls. This, he said, was also the opinion of the Mother.

Then the princes of the German landers came together, and after twenty-one days they chose Alrik as duke. Alrik was Askars nephew. He gave him two hundred Scotch and one hundred of the greatest Saxmen to go with him as a bodyguard. The princes were to send twenty-one of their sons as hostages for their fidelity. Thus far all had gone according to his wishes; but when they were to go over the Rhine, the king of the Franks would not be under Alriks command. Thereupon all was confusion.

Askar, who thought that all was going on well, landed with his ships on the other side of the Scheldt; but there they were already aware of his coming, and were on their guard. He had to flee as quickly as he had come, and was himself taken prisoner. The Gauls did not know whom they had taken, so he was afterwards exchanged for a noble Gaul whom Askars people had taken with them.

While all this was going on, the Magyars went about audaciously over the lands of our neighbors. Near Egmuda, where formerly the citadel Forana had stood, they built a church larger and richer than that which Askar had built at Stavern. They said afterwards that Askar had lost the battle against the Gauls, because the people did not believe that Woden could help them, and therefore they would not pray to him. They went about stealing young children, whom they kept and brought up in the mysteries of their abominable doctrines. Were there people who...

(here abruptly ends the Oera Linda Book)

And so the Oera Linda Book ends in mid-sentence. Are there any pieces of those other books mentioned, anywhere yet to be found? Will we discover a wall of one of the many ancient citadels with inscriptions on it in Ancient Frisian? Will soundings in the North Sea show evidence of mans occupation of those flooded regions? All these are intriguing questions perhaps never to be answered, but the sole surviving copy brought forward by Cornelius Over de Linden has related a fascinating tale that has to be told.

From Goddess to King, Chapter 19, LETTERS FROM THE PAST

FROM GODDESS TO KING

A History of Ancient Europe from the

OERA LINDA BOOK

By Anthony Radford

CHAPTER 19

LETTERS FROM THE PAST

Koneredrecorded these writings from the last earth mother who tells an ancient tale that is similar to that of the Bible when all mankind spoke the same language; of course Old Frisian was Gods own tongue. But if for instance, the old Magyar language were also the same, then that would also have been the Divine language. She contends that when the original tongue is spoken, ones conscience will always give one away if deceit is practiced because of blushing and stammering. She writes how after the Tower of Babel, so to speak, deceitful priests and princes invented new languages to hide their schemes and by Gosas time, every state was speaking its own dialect. Perhaps she is implying that if the language had been preserved then the troubles might never have happened and wars might not have been.

Here is the Writing With Gosas Advice:

When Wr-Alda gave children to the mothers of mankind, he gave one language to every tongue and to all lips. This gift Wr-Alda had bestowed upon men in order that by its means they might make known to each other what must be avoided and what must be followed to find salvation, and to hold salvation to all eternity. Wr-Alda is wise and good, and all-foreseeing. As he knew that happiness and holiness would flee from the earth when wickedness would overcome virtue, he has attached to the language an equitable property.

This property consists in this, that men can neither lie nor use deceitful words without stammering or blushing, by which means the innately bad are easily known.

As thus our language opens the way to happiness and blessedness, and thus helps to guard against evil inclinations, it is rightly named the language of the gods, and all those by whom it is held in honor derive honor from it. But what has happened?

As soon as among our half brothers and sisters deceivers arose, who gave themselves out as servants of the good, it soon became otherwise. The deceitful priests and the malignant princes, who always clung together, wished to live according to their own inclinations, without regard to the laws of right. In their wickedness they went so far as to invent other languages, so that they might speak secretly in anybodys presence of their wicked and unworthy affairs without betraying themselves by stammering, and without showing a blush upon their countenances.

But what has that produced? Just as the seed of good herbs which has been sown by good men in the open day springs up from the ground, so time brings to light the evil seed which has been sown by wicked men in secret and in darkness.

The wanton girls and effeminate youths who consorted with the immoral priests and princes, taught the new language to their companions, and thus spread it among the people till Gods language was clean forgotten. Would you know what came of all this? How that stammering and blushing no longer betrayed their evil doings; - virtue passed away, wisdom and liberty followed; unity was lost, and quarreling took its place; love flew away, and unchastity and envy met round their tables; and where justice previously reigned, now it is the sword.

All are slaves - the subjects of their masters, envy, bad passions and covetousness. If they had only invented one language things might possibly have still gone on well; but they invented as many languages as there are states, so that one people can no more understand another people than a cow, a dog, or a wolf, a sheep. The mariners can bear witness to this. From all this it results that all the slave people look upon each other as strangers; and that as a punishment of their inconsiderateness and presumption, they must quarrel and fight till they are all destroyed.

The language theme of Gosa continues with a plea to establish schools so that the young of the remaining states will keep the pure language of Texland. She says that the reason the citadel at Fryasburgt was not damaged in the bad times was because the original tongue was still spoken in Texland.

Here Is My Counsel:

If you wish that you alone should inherit the earth, you must never allow any language but Gods language to pass your lips, and take care that your own language remains free from outlandish sounds. If you wish that some of Lydas children and some of Findas children remain, you must do the same. The language of the East Scandinavians has been perverted by the vile Magyars, and the language of the followers of Kalta has been spoiled by the dirty Gauls.

Now, we have been weak enough to admit among us the returned followers of Hellenia, but I anxiously fear that they will reward our weakness by debasing our pure language. Many things have happened to us, but among all the citadels that have been disturbed and destroyed in the bad time, Irtha has preserved Fryasburgt uninjured; and I may remark that Fryas or Gods language has always remained here untainted.

Here in Texland, therefore, schools should be established; and from all the states that have kept to the old customs the young people should be sent here, and afterwards those whose education is complete can help those who remain at home. If foreigners come to buy ironware from you, and want to talk and bargain, they must come back to Gods language. If they learn Gods language, then the words, "to be free," and "to have justice," will come to them, and glimmer and glitter in their brains to a perfect light, and that flame will destroy all bad princes and hypocritical dirty priests.

Adel and Ifkja established schools in the manner counseled by the late Earth Mother because no one else had followed her advice. They solicited friendship between the formerly united states but the surviving or independent maidens suspected that they were simply playing politics. There was little climate left to encourage a new union or even cooperation.

The native and foreign messengers were pleased with that writing, but no schools came from it. Then Adel established schools himself. Every year Adel and Ifkja went to inspect the schools. If they found a friendly feeling existing between the natives and foreigners, they were extremely pleased. If there were any who had sworn friendship together, they assembled the people, and with great ceremony let them inscribe their names in a book which was called the Book of Friendship, and afterwards a festival was held.

All these customs were kept up in order to bring together the separate branches of Fryas race; but the maidens who were opposed to Adel and Ifkja said that they did it for no other reason than to make a name for themselves, and to bring all the other states under their subjection.

The rest of the book is fragmentary in its presentation. Here, from the beginning of the first century, is a brief inclusion that tells us that the kings had won. Adel III, who has gone down in history as Ubbo I, the oldest known king of the Netherlands, approved of Beeden succeeding his uncle as count provided he acknowledged Adel as his master. Parts of the Book must have been lost here, but Beeden was obviously of the Oera Linda family, a grandson of a Frethorik but not the father of Konered.

The Writing of Beeden:

My name is Beeden, son of Hachgana. My uncle, not having married, left no children. I was elected in his place. Adel, the third king of that name, approved of the choice, provided I should acknowledge him as master. In addition to the entire inheritance of my uncle, he gave me some land which joined my inheritance, on condition that I would settle people there who should never (missing words) his people (lost ending).

There are some more missing pages here in the Book but the narrative continues. The Old Maiden Rika addressed the descendants and supporters of Friso at the New Year feast, the time of the shortest day of the year, the "yule-tide", that day of the yearly wheel when ebb becomes flow. This occasion was celebrated in Rome as the feast of Saturnicus and was eventually taken over by the Christians as the celebration of Christmas.

Rika chastises them for the usurpation of titles from the nobles and from the gods. We still do it today by putting the word "Ladies" on rest rooms but here she explains the origin of the words "father" and "mother" as well as the usage of "maiden". Father meant "feeder", but she says that only God is the feeder or provider. She then describes how princes like to think of themselves as "fathers of the people" in the hope of receiving the credit for the productivity of the land. Perhaps without their taxes it would have been easier for the peasant to work the earth. A mother meant a nourisher and a maiden was always attached to a citadel.

....therefor I will allow it a place here.

Letter of Rika the Oldmaiden, Read at Stavern at the Jule Feast:

My greeting to all of you whose forefathers came here with Friso. According to what you say, you are not guilty of idolatry. I will not speak of that now, but will at once mention a failing which is very little better. You know, or you do not know, how many titles Wr-Alda has; but you all know that he is named universal provider, because that everything comes and proceeds from him for the sustenance of his creatures.

It is true that Irtha is named sometimes the feeder of all, because she brings forth all the fruits and grains on which men and beasts are fed; but she would not bear any fruit or grain unless Wr-Alda gave her the power. Women who nourish their children at their breasts are called nurses, but if Wr-Alda did not give them milk the children would find no advantage; so that, in short, Wr-Alda really is the nourisher.

That Irtha should be called the universal nourisher, and that a mother should be called a feeder, one can understand, figuratively speaking; but that a father should be called a feeder, because he is a father, goes against all reason. Now I know whence all this folly comes. Listen to me. It comes from our enemies; and if this is followed up you will become slaves, to the sorrow of Frya and to the punishment of your pride. I will tell you what happened to the slave people; from that you may take warning.

The foreign kings, who follow their own will, place Wr-Alda below the crown. From envy that Wr-Alda is called the universal father, they wish also to be called fathers of the people. Now, everybody knows that kings do not regulate the productiveness of the earth; and that they have their sustenance by means of the people, but still they will persist in their arrogance.

In order to attain their object they were not satisfied from the beginning with free gifts, but imposed a tax upon the people. With the tax thus raised they hired foreign soldiers, whom they retained about their courts. Afterwards they took as many wives as they pleased, and the smaller princes and gentry did the same.

When, in consequence, quarrels and disputes arose in the households, and complaints were made about it, they said every man is the father (feeder) of his household, therefore he shall be master and judge over it. Thus arose arbitrariness, and as the men rule over their households the kings would do over their people. When the kings had accomplished that, they should be called fathers of the people, they had statues of themselves made, and erected in the churches beside the statues of the idols, and those who would not bow down to them were either killed or put in chains.

Your forefathers and the German landers had intercourse with the kings, and learned these follies from them. But it is not only that some of your men have been guilty of stealing titles, I have also much to complain of against your wives. If there are men among you who wish to put themselves on a level with Wr-Alda, there are also women who wish to consider themselves equals of Frya.

Because they have borne children, they call themselves mothers; but they forget that Frya bore children without having intercourse with a man. Yes, they not only have desired to rob Frya and the earth mothers of their honorable title (with whom they cannot put themselves upon an equality), but they do the same with the honorable titles of their fellow-creatures.

There are women who allow themselves to be called ladies, although they know that only belongs to the wives of princes. They also let their daughters be called maiden, although they know that no young girls are so called unless they belong to a citadel. You all fancy that you are better for this name- stealing, but you forget that jealousy clings to it, and that every wrong sows the seed of its own rod. If you do not alter your course, in time it will grow so strong that you cannot see what will be the end. Your descendants will be flogged by it, and will not know whence the stripes come.

But although you do not build citadels for the maidens and leave them to their fate, there will still remain some who will come out of woods and caves, and will prove to your descendants that you have by your disorderliness been the cause of it. Then you will be damned. Your ghosts will rise frightened, out of their graves. They will call upon Wr-Alda, Frya, and her maidens, but they shall receive no succor before the Jule shall enter upon a new circuit, and that will only be three thousand years after this century.

(here ends Rikas letter)

It is the character of these peoples that have made western values more so than the translations of Greek literary works by scholars and privileged readers. The pagan values survived in the conscience of the population, in spite of so much jockeying for power at the top. The ideas may have come from imagining ideals of Greek and Roman civilization when the American Constitution was written, for one example, but it was still an imposition from the able founding fathers. The genuine "patriotism of the rebels" came from that ancient conscience although the word "patriot" can only be from the last two thousand years. Here we have tales of something more intrinsic, the values of the conscience that have withstood thousands of years.

From Goddess to King, Chapter 18, FRISO, THE MAN WHO WOULD BE KING

FROM GODDESS TO KING

A History of Ancient Europe from the

OERA LINDA BOOK

By Anthony Radford

CHAPTER 18

FRISO, THE MAN WHO WOULD BE KING

Thestory of Friso is by no means told to completion. For another forty years he would continue in the homeland area, always using the skills that he had learned from the Mediterranean generals to further his own ambition.

Konered continues the Book after Frethorik and Wiljo his father and mother. He gives us an account of the rebuilding after the disasters of 305 BC. His citadel at Lindaoord was lost, as he claimed all of them had been, but this cannot however include the mighty one at Texland. That account would contradict the other writings.

The period is more than fifty years after the quakes or about 250 BC. Some lands had been recovered from the sea in the immediate vicinity of the castle and more works were proceeding. He ends with the usual moral observation equivalent to our "God helps those who help themselves", and such advice as exists on community cooperation may be of value for our own time.

Here Konered tells of the exploits of Friso who had returned to the Rhine after serving for a generation in the Mediterranean. A lot of place names have been mentioned, some of which can be found still existing with modern but similar names in Holland. The nation was now more compact, even a remnant of its former self, but this looser confederation of independent states was still the most dominant force in that part of Europe and a match for Rome. The Fly River is not obviously identifiable with the small stream of that name that exists today but most likely it was the modern Rhine and flowing to the sea a little farther north than its present course.

My forefathers have written this book in succession. I will do this, the more because there exists no longer in my state any citadel on which events are inscribed as used to be the case. My name is Konered. My fathers name was Frethorik, my mothers name was Wiljo. After my fathers death I was chosen as his successor. When I was fifty years old I was chosen for chief Grevetman.

My father has written how the Lindaoord and Liudgaard was destroyed. Lindahelm is still lost, the Lindaoord partially, and the north Lindgaard are still concealed by the salt sea. The foaming sea washes the ramparts of the castle. As my father has mentioned, the people, being deprived of their harbor, went away and built houses inside the ramparts of the citadel; therefore the bastion is called Lindwerd. The sea-people say Linwerd, but that is nonsense.

In my youth there was a portion of land lying outside the rampart all mud and marsh; but Fryas people were neither tired nor exhausted when they had a good object in view. By digging ditches, and making dams of the earth that came out of the ditches, we recovered a good space of land outside the rampart, which had the form of a hoof three poles eastwards, three southwards, and three westwards. At present we are engaged in ramming piles into the ground to make a harbor to protect our rampart. When the work is finished, we shall attract mariners.

In my youth it looked very queer, but now there stands a row of houses. Leaks and deficiencies produced by poverty have been remedied by industry. From this men may learn that Wr-Alda, our universal father, protects all his creatures, if they preserve their courage and help each other.

Friso was a man of much experience. As a young Frisian seaman, he had gone to the Mediterranean and learned the languages of the Gauls and Greeks; and a generation later, as a family man, fighting for and against Alexanders generals, he had returned to Texland. There he wasted no time in assuming important posts, starting a new family and preparing local youths in the ways of modern warfare for home defense. For the next forty years he tried to consolidate himself as permanent king but always faced strong moral opposition in the form of the "old maids", the remaining maidens that had survived the destruction of their temples in the earthquake. Eventually his descendants would become royal kings.

Konered, the writer of the time, and others, feared his ambition but must have secretly admired this man of action. He allied his family with important connections, clearly expecting the new hereditary, "might is right" attitude to take a more persuasive course in his homeland. Konered continues.

Now I will Write About Friso:

Friso, who was already powerful by his troops, was chosen chief Grevetman of the districts round Stavern. He laughed at our mode of defending our land and our sea-fights; therefore he established a school where the boys might learn to fight in the Greek manner, but I believe that he did it to attach the young people to himself. I sent my brother there ten years ago, because I thought, now that we have not got any Mother, it behooves me to be doubly watchful, in order that he may not become our master.

Gosa has given us no successors. I will not give any opinion about that; but there are still old suspicious people who think that she and Friso had an understanding about it. When Gosa died, the people from all parts wished to choose another Mother; but Friso, who was busy establishing a kingdom for himself, did not desire to have any advice or messenger from Texland.

When the messengers of the Landsaten came to him, he said that Gosa had been farseeing and wiser than all the counts together, and yet she had been unable to see any light or way out of this affair; therefore she had not had the courage to choose a successor, and to choose a doubtful one she thought would be very bad; therefore she wrote in her last will, "It is better to have no Mother than to have one on whom you cannot rely."

Friso had seen a great deal. He had been brought up in the wars, and he had just learned and gathered as much of the tricks and cunning ways of the Gauls and the princes as he required, to lead the other counts wherever he wished. See here how he went to work about that.

Friso had taken here another wife, a daughter of Wilfrethe, who in his lifetime had been chief count of Stavern. By her he had two sons and two daughters. By his wish Kornelia, his youngest daughter, was married to my brother. Kornelia is not good Frisian; her name ought to be written Korn-helia. Weemoed, his eldest daughter, he married to Kauch. Kauch, who went to school with him, is the son of Wichhirt, the king of the Geertmen. But Kauch is likewise not good Frisian, and ought to be Kaap. So they have learned more bad language than good manners.

We have been told how the Jutlanders were so named because they collected amber or jutten, as a valuable material in demand for foreign trade but they did not come from the peninsula of Jutland as we know it today. They were Baltic people from Schoonland or Scandinavia across the sea from Denmark. After the flooding they settled in the north of Denmark giving it the name of Jutland while the Denmarkers who had escaped to the higher lands returned to Zealand in the south which is now part of Holland.

The Zealanders, so named because they made their living from the sea, returned from their ships to find only barren swamps left. In view of this they resorted to piracy against Phoenician ships (probably Carthaginian), Kaltas people or the Gauls whom they particularly disliked. Their swamp afforded no building materials and these fishermen did not have the skills to build a citadel to defend themselves against the Gauls. The Gauls or Celtics, to use a modern term, were stealing the Zealanders sons for rowers and their daughters for wives. This is another instance of how the great flood of 305 BC disrupted the entire fabric of Western Europe, setting culture against culture and tribe against tribe.

By this date, little Frisian racial purity and culture had survived but we read on to find how the races were mixed to an even greater extent. It shows how the destruction was widespread, affecting many nations beyond the Baltic.

They complained to the Grevetman Friso, whose duty it was to hear their grievances, which he did, offering good advice and following it up with supplies to build forts at the entrance to their harbor. His son from his Mediterranean family supervised the construction, married the chief Aldermans daughter and was eventually elected to succeed him as Grevetman. All this history that is recorded in the last half of the Oera Linda Book is about the home land of the authors, the lowlands of Western Europe and neighboring "German" lands. They would eventually diminish to no more than a few Frisian Islands with the island of Texel becoming the final remnant of Texland. It was still an extensive loose confederation of a score or more nations.

Now I must return to my story:

After the great flood of which my father wrote an account, there came many Jutlanders and Letlanders out of the Baltic, or bad sea. They were driven down the Kattegat in their boats by the ice as far as the coast of Denmark, and there they remained. There was not a creature to be seen; so they took possession of the land, and named it after themselves, Jutland.

Afterwards, many of the Denmarkers returned from the higher lands, but they settled more to the south; and when the mariners returned who had not been lost, they all went together to Zealand. By this arrangement the Jutlanders retained the land to which Wr-Alda had conducted them. The Zealand skippers, who were not satisfied to live upon fish, and who hated the Gauls, took to robbing the Phoenician ships.

In the southwest point of Scandinavia there lies Lindasburgt, called Lindasnose, built by one Apol, as it is written in the book. All the people who live on the coasts, and in the neighboring districts, had remained true Frisians; but by their desire for vengeance upon the Gauls, and the followers of Kalta, they joined the Zealanders. But that connection did not hold together, because the Zealanders had adopted many evil manners and customs of the wicked Magyars, in opposition to Fryas people.

Afterwards, everybody went stealing on his own account; but when it suited them they held all together. At last the Zealanders began to be in want of good ships. Their shipbuilders had died, and their forests as well as their land had been washed out to sea. Now there arrived unexpectedly three ships, which anchored off the ringdike of our citadel. By the disruption of our land they had lost themselves, and had missed Flymond. The merchant who was with them wished to buy new ships from us, and for that purpose had brought all kinds of valuables, which they had stolen from the Celtic country and Phoenician ships.

As we had no ships, I gave them active horses and four armed couriers to Friso; because at Stavern, along the Alberga, the best ships of war were built of hard oak which never rots. While these sea rovers remained with us, some of the Jutmen had gone to Texland, and thence to Friso. The Zealanders had stolen many of their strongest boys to row their ships, and many of their finest daughters to have children by. The great Jutlanders could not prevent it, as they were not properly armed.

When they had related all their misfortunes, and a good deal of conversation had taken place, Friso asked them at last if they had no good harbors in their country. "Oh, yes", they answered; "a beautiful one, created by Wr-Alda. It is like a bottle, the neck narrow, but in the belly a thousand boats may lie; but we have no citadel and no defenses to keep out the pirate ships."

"Then you shall make them." said Friso.

"That is very good advice", said the Jutlanders; "but we have no workmen and no building materials; we are all fishermen and trawlers. The others are drowned or fled to higher lands."

While they were talking in this way, my messengers arrived at the court with the Zealand gentlemen. Here you must observe how Friso understood deceiving everybody, to the satisfaction of both parties, and to the accomplishment of his owns ends. To the Zealanders he promised that they should have yearly fifty ships of a fixed size for a fixed price, fitted with iron chains and crossbows, and full rigging as is necessary and useful for men-of-war, but they should leave in peace the Jutlanders and all the people of Fryas race.

But he wished to do more; he wanted to engage all our sea rovers to go with him upon his fighting expedition. When the Zealanders had gone, he loaded 40 old ships with weapons for wall defenses, wood, bricks, carpenters, masons, and smiths, in order to build citadels. Whitto or Whitte his son he sent to superintend. I have never been well informed of what happened; but this much is clear to me, that on each side of the harbor a strong citadel has been built, and garrisoned by people brought by Friso out of Saksenmarken. Whitto courted Siuchthirte and married her. Wilhelm, her father, was chief Alderman of the Jutmen - that is, chief Grevetman or count. Wilhelm died shortly afterwards, and Whitto was chosen in his place.

According to Konered, Friso was using the same tactics that the Magy had been accused of employing, gaining a standing army of loyal followers and greatly increasing his influence in the process. These tactics included using his family for alliances, bribing the established prominent citizens and pandering to the greedy instincts of the young. Friso knew human nature and politics, but he also realized that no matter how much wealth or force he controlled, there could be no real power without popular support.

While Friso had opposition in the form of the old maidens who wanted the citadels to be rebuilt and a new Mother elected, he did have the support of the young. They were impressed by the return of the ships and new prosperity, including an abundance of work while new ships were being built. The young wanted a strong king to take back their lost lands, lost because of poor judgment shown by the Mothers. They were bound to win, or so it seemed, but the few old maidens who were left were still strong, for after forty years, Friso died and not as king.

What Friso Did Further:

Of his first wife he still had two brothers-in-law, who were very daring. Hetto - that is, heat - the youngest, he sent as messenger to Kattaburgt, which lies far in Saxony. Friso gave him to take seven horses, besides his own, laden with precious things stolen by the sea-rovers. With each horse there were two young sea-rovers and two young horsemen, clad in rich garments, and with money in their purses.

In the same way as he sent Hetto to Kattaburgt, he sent Bruno - that is, brown - the other brother-in-law, to Mannagarda oord. Mannagarda-oord was written Mannagarda ford in the earlier part of this book, but that is wrong. All the riches that they took with them were given away, according to circumstances, to princes, princesses, and chosen young girls. When his young men went to the tavern to dance with the young people there, they ordered baskets of spice, gingerbread, and turns of the best beer.

After these messengers he let his young people constantly go over to Saxony, always with money in their purses and presents to give away, and they spent money carelessly in the taverns. When the Saxon youths looked with envy at this they smiled, and said, "If you dare go and fight the common enemy you would be able to give much richer presents to your brides, and live much more princely". Both the brothers-in-law of Friso had married daughters of the chief princes, and afterwards the Saxon youths and girls came in whole troops to the Flymeer.

The burgtmaidens and old maidens who still remembered their greatness did not hold with Frisos object, and therefore they said no good of him; but Friso, more cunning than they, let them chatter, but the younger maidens he led to his side with golden fingers.

They said everywhere, "For a long time we have had no Mother, but that comes from our being fit to take care of ourselves. At present it suits us best to have a king to win back our lands that we have lost through the imprudence of our Mothers." Further, they said, "Every child of Frya has permission to let his voice be heard before the choice of a prince is decided; but if it comes to that, that you choose a king, then also we will have our say. From all that we can see, Wr-Alda has appointed Friso for it, for he has brought him here in a wonderful way. Friso knows the tricks of the Gauls, whose language he speaks; he can therefore watch against their craftiness. Then there is something else to keep the eye upon. What count could be chosen as king without the others being jealous of him?"

All such nonsense the young maidens talked; but the old maidens, though few in number, tapped their advice out of another cask. They said always and to every one: "Friso does like the spiders. At night he spreads his webs in all directions, and in the day he catches in them all his unsuspecting friends. Friso says he cannot suffer any priests of foreign princes, but we say that he cannot suffer anybody but himself; therefore he will not allow the citadel of Stavia to be rebuilt; therefore he will not have the Mother again. Today Friso is your counselor, tomorrow he will be your king, in order to have full power over you."

Among the people there now exists two parties. The old and the poor wish to have the Mother again, but the young and the warlike wish for a father and a king. The first called themselves mothers sons, the others fathers sons, but the mothers sons did not count for much; because there were many ships to build, there was a good time for all kinds of workmen. Moreover, the sea-rovers brought all sorts of treasures, with which the maidens were pleased, the girls were pleased, and their relations and friends.

When Friso had been nearly forty years at Stavern he died. Owing to him many of the states had been joined together again, but that we were the better off for it I am not prepared to certify. Of all the counts that preceded him there was none so renowned as Friso; for, as I said before, the young maidens spoke in his praise, while the old maidens did all in their power to make him hateful to everybody. Although the old women could not prevent his meddling, they made so much fuss that he died without becoming king.

Friso had brought his remaining foreign-born children home, but with his new Frisian wife Swethirte, he had a son that he had named Adel after Adela, that heroine of the last three hundred years who initiated these recordings. He had him educated at the remaining citadel at Texland where he learned true Frisian ways.

There is a love story here, for Adel met a maiden in Texland who was willing to give up her promising future as a citadel virgin for marriage. His father told him to wait and enrolled him at age twenty in his military school. Adel was an amicable man. He made many friends and when Friso died, he not only married the maiden but succeeded his father as chief count.

Ifkja, his bride, tried in the manner of Adela to unite the various Frisian communities. One way was to proceed on a "grand tour" in the manner of a new burgtmaid. From the description of the tour, the nation was almost as extensive as in Apollonias time but subject to lawlessness and marauding bands of Germans. These Twisklanders were of mixed blood like so many of the new Frisians, but according to the tale, many felt the need to bleach their hair. This attitude survived into the language where words like "fair" mean both light colored and beautiful while "dark" also has a darker meaning; not a wholesome heritage for a new age. Times were not as safe as before, in part because of the policy of banishing criminals to Germany across the Rhine rather than to Britain as in ancient times before the Celtic cessation. These single men stole Tartar wives, and as their numbers grew, they became a new threat, the Franks. The origin of this European name is given according to their understanding.

Adel called a conference, but the purpose or result is lost as some pages are missing in the subsequent re-recording of the book. This section ends with a story of how some writings of Gosa came about and they follow next.

Now I Will Write About His Son Adel:

Friso, who had learned our history from the book of the Adelingen, had done everything in his power to win their friendship. His eldest son, whom he had by his wife Swethirte, he named Adel; and although he strove with all his might to prevent the building or restoring of any citadels, he sent Adel to the citadel of Texland in order to make himself better acquainted with our laws, language and customs.

When Adel was twenty years old Friso brought him into his own school, and when he had fully educated him he sent him to travel through all the states. Adel was an amiable young man, and in his travels he made many friends, so the people called him Atharik - that is, rich in friends - which was very useful to him afterwards, for when his father died he took his place without a question of any other count being chosen.

While Adel was studying at Texland there was a lovely maiden at the citadel. She came from Saxony, from the state of Suebaland, therefore she was called at Texland, Suobene, although her name was Ifkja. Adel fell in love with her, and she with him, but his father wished him to wait a little. Adel did as he wished, but as soon as he was dead, sent messengers to Berthold, her father, to ask her in marriage. Berthold was a prince of high-principled feelings. He had sent his daughter to Texland in the hope that she might be chosen Burgtmaid in her country, but when he knew of their mutual affection, he bestowed his blessing upon them.

Ifkja was a clever Frisian. As far as I have been able to learn, she always toiled and worked to bring the Fryas people back under the same laws and customs. To bring the people to her side, she traveled with her husband through all Saxony, and also to Geertmania - as the Geertmen had named the country which they had obtained by means of Gosa. Thence they went to Denmark, and from Denmark by sea to Texland. From Texland they went to Westflyland, and so along the coast to Walhallagara; thence they followed the Zuiderryn till, with great apprehension, they arrived beyond the Rhine at the Marsaten of whom our Apollonia has written. When they had stayed there a little time, they returned to the lowlands.

When they had been some time descending towards the lowlands, and had reached about the old citadel of Aken, four of their servants were suddenly murdered and stripped. They had loitered a little behind. My brother, who was always on the alert, had forbidden them to do so, but they did not listen to him. The murderers that had committed this crime were German landers, who had at that time audaciously crossed the Rhine to murder and to steal. The German landers are banished and fugitive children of Frya, but their wives they have stolen from the Tartars. The Tartars are a brown tribe of Findas people, who are thus named because they make war on everybody. They are all horsemen and robbers. This is what makes the German landers so bloodthirsty.

The German landers who had done the wicked deed called themselves Frijen or Franken. There were among them, my brother said, red, brown, and white men. The red and brown made their hair white with lime-water - but as their faces remained brown, they were only the more ugly. In the same way as Apollonia, they visited Lydasburgt and the Alderga. Afterwards they made a tour of all the neighborhood of Stavern.

They behaved with so much amiability, that everywhere the people wished to keep them. Three months later, Adel sent messengers to all the friends that he had made, requesting them to send to him their "wise men" in the month of May...

(here there is a missing page)

"...his wife." he said, who had been Maiden of Texland, had received a copy of it. In Texland many writings are still found which are not copied in the book of Adelingen. One of these writings had been placed by Gosa with her last will, which was to be opened by the oldest maiden, Albetha, as soon as Friso was dead.

The Adelingen must have been a history of the descendants of Apol and Adela who were married in 558 BC. This became the Oera Linda family and for the next fifty years, the story has survived with the writings of their children but then not again until Frethorik and Wiljo who were married in 290 BC. This is all missing history although she eventually recorded the will of Gosa together with additional writings.

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