FROM GODDESS TO KING

A History of Ancient Europe from the

OERA LINDA BOOK

By Anthony Radford

1997 Ojai, California

With thanks to Anthony Radford for his permission to publish his book

©1997 Anthony Radford, all rights reserved.

Table of contents

• AUTHORS INTRODUCTION

• CHAPTER 1 - MODERN DISCOVERY

• CHAPTER 2 - THE GEOLOGICAL DISASTERS

• CHAPTER 3 - THE GODDESS MYTHS

• CHAPTER 4 - FRYA AND THE LAND THAT WAS HOME

• CHAPTER 5 - FASTA, THE FIRST EARTH MOTHER

• CHAPTER 6 - MINNA AND THE NORTHERN CAMPAIGN

• CHAPTER 7 - KALTA AND THE ORIGINS OF THE CELTS

• CHAPTER 8 - THE ORIGINS OF IONIA

• CHAPTER 9 - MINERVA AND THE STORY OF GREECE

• CHAPTER 10 - MINNO AND THE STORY OF CRETE

• CHAPTER 11 - THE SETTLEMENT OF THE PUNJAB

• CHAPTER 12 - TALES OF HOMER

• CHAPTER 13 - FRANA AND THE LOSS OF DENMARK

• CHAPTER 14 - ADELA, THE UN-ELECTED MOTHER

• CHAPTER 15 - DESCRIPTIONS FROM HAPPIER TIMES

• CHAPTER 16 - WHEN THE SECOND BAD TIMES CAME

• CHAPTER 17 - GOSA, THE LAST EARTH MOTHER

• CHAPTER 18 - FRISO, THE MAN WHO WOULD BE KING

• CHAPTER 19 - LETTERS FROM THE PAST

• CHAPTER 20 - A ROYAL KING AT THE END OF AN AGE

• CHAPTER 21 - FRYA, THE FORGOTTEN GODDESS

• CHAPTER 22 - HISTORICAL EVIDENCE - LEGENDARY SUPPORT

• CHAPTER 23 - THE ATLANTIS QUESTION

• CHAPTER 24 - MESSAGE FOR OUR TIME

• PLATES AND MAPS

• PLATE 1 The Standing Alphabet given to Fasta by Frya

• PLATE 2 Free Lands at the Time of Fasta, 2190 BC

• PLATE 3 The First Celtic Empire of Kalta, 1600 BC

• PLATE 4 The Voyages of Jon and Minerva, 1600 BC

• PLATE 5 The Return of the Geertmen, 303 BC

• PLATE 6 Free Lands at the Time of Gosa, 300 BC

• PLATE 7 A Page from the Book of Adela's Followers

• PLATE 8 The Oera Linda Family Tree

• APPENDIX A - EXTRACTS FROM THE BOOK

• APPENDIX B - ADDRESS TO THE FRIESLAND SOCIETY, 1871

• BIBLIOGRAPHY

• GLOSSARY OF NAMES, WORDS FROM THE BOOK

AUTHORS INTRODUCTION

One hundred and twenty-five years ago, an ancient manuscript was translated into modern languages. It became known as the Oera Linda Book and the stories it told revealed the secrets of the Matriarchal Age of Western Europe.

It recorded the history of the Children of Frya, the mother goddess of their race and of her Sacred `Tex that gave them the social and moral values they needed to build a great nation, perhaps the greatest civilization of the ancient world. It told of the struggle that the earth mothers had to maintain the freedom against the invasions and influence of the princes and priests of the foe from the East. Their struggle gave us our own Western values, and many of the heroes and heroines of our classical mythology. This book tells that inspiring and interesting story in present day language with messages for today as we go through our change of ages.

The story begins in the timeless Age of Taurus when mythical goddesses mothered their children but that age ended in the "bad times" that heralded the coming of the Age of Aries. Devastating land disruptions, volcanic activity, floods and forest fires changed the map of Europe. It is so recorded in this oldest of writings to survive in Western Europe. The new age began with the earth mothers, citadel maidens and the long voyages of the sea-kings, ending two thousand years later with the patriarchs, the royal kings that demanded recognition and fealty for favors, and a distrust of womens contributions to society.

This story is about a racially protective society that would inevitably fail to maintain its integrity, even though the people tried to educate foreign traders and rowers into their ways. The center of growth, for Europe, had to shift to the east, where it was more rewarding to serve the family than the community. It had to bottom out and then work up from there. Has this happened yet? Our civilization has now become a global one where both western and eastern values are being tested on all fronts.

I believe it took a long time to reach bottom in a global sense. A world cooperation based on humanity, not race, is building from that base; it is progressing now even though in many of todays hot spots there are attempts at ethnic genocide. There are diverse peoples, all over the world, inspiring the building of a more advanced society from personal example, but it is a minority; too many still feel they have to defend their own separateness and at all costs indulge and collect in the material world. With higher populations and limited resources, this leads to desperate competition for fear of missing out; to greed in the face of potential plenty.

Thousands of years ago in Western Europe, a society attempted to maintain a high state of consciousness and individual freedom that was based on a moral and civil code, where men and women were respected for their intrinsic abilities. This is the heritage of Europe. Borrowing a history from the Middle East has not satisfied this desire that myths like Atlantis continue to kindle.

This is not the presentation of a paper or a dissertation with the source of every thought referenced. Neither is it fiction. It is the offering, once again, of an old work, for the reflection and divertissement of the reader. The author was stimulated to explore these implications and add his comments. Such comments come from a variety of sources, many are listed in the bibliography, and many simply derive from a lifetime of living, with the only direct quotes coming from the Oera Linda Book.

This edition contains a modern language rendition of the Oera Linda Book taken from the first English translation by William R. Sandbach in 1876 of the 1871 Frisian translation by Dr. J. O. Ottema. Dr. Ottema commissioned the original modern translation of the thirteenth century manuscript that was copied in ancient Frisian from a ninth century version. The English book is available on microfilm from the British Library, which reserves the right to permit any reproduction.

This book is the story of groups of peoples who tried to keep a community together that originally extended across all of Europe, but eventually disappeared in the polders of the Netherlands. But did it disappear? We owe so much of our present Western civilization to them and take for granted our concepts of freedom, of democracy, our sense of honor and the very basics of our language that has structured the way we think. Too often we are guilty of depicting our own ancestors as primitive or ignorant rustics, incapable of understanding a civilized modern culture; but read on, and discover the origins of so many noble concepts that are now far less commendable. It is time this story was told. It has lessons for us at this critical time in the history of the world and the changing relationship between East and West.

People traditionally think that ancient man was more primitive mentally and socially than ourselves. Images of troglodytes and ape-men are confused with historical man. If we have been physically evolving for a million years then four thousand of them represent less than half a percent. In tests, our intelligence quotient ranges from 25 to 200, for functioning man, so what is half a percent? Granted we have had a technical and information explosion in the last few generations but that has little to do with our values, a truer measure of civilization.

Traditional ways are no longer working for our world; life-styles themselves have become experimental, manifesting at faster and faster rates. Much of the inspiration for these styles is being taken from concepts of history rather than from history itself, with these notions being purveyed by the popular media which can express only those ones that its often young audience wants to see. Modern life styles as well as vicarious historical adventures and fantasies from the future are both molding and separating societies while the more conservative older members fight to preserve their own concepts of how things should be. They criticize the adventurous young who feel the need for change, to do things their way, regardless of experience or knowledge.

The Oera Linda Book describes this dynamic of young/old, new/traditional over a very much longer time scale. At first reading, these old writings can be seen as a struggle by ancient heroes and heroines to preserve their civilization, winning some battles, but eventually loosing the war because of the individual desires of the young. This cannot be considered a backward step for mankind, because humankind is a much larger concept than one nation or even one continent. The world may have needed a couple of thousand years of male dominance so that a new order respecting all the strengths that have played their part may be formulated. These are the male and female strengths, the respect for young as well as old, the incorporation of the most remote society, the coexistence of many alternative life-styles and, unique to our time, the enormous influence of telecommunications and other modern technical achievements. The story describes its own cycles of earth changes and catastrophes; it is valuable now as we are moving out of the Patriarchal Age into a new cooperation between men and women.

The ancient book tells of a remote era of peace when time was not even counted because one year was like the next. Do we really want to maintain that indefinitely? The present changes are both positive and negative. The media shows us daily that the negative appears to be winning again, and yet at the same time, an ever growing segment in all parts of the world is showing concern for fellow man beyond their own personal desires for material objects, sensual gratification and powers.

History is political, it is propaganda, and it serves a social and national competitive need, which leaves the truth without importance. I am optimistic about the world working things out and achieving a higher level of civilization than we have ever known before. But that new age, even if it lasts a thousand years will in turn give way to more challenges to address restrictions we cannot even conceive of at this time.

R. 1997 Ojai, California

FROM GODDESS TO KING

A History of Ancient Europe from the

OERA LINDA BOOK

By Anthony Radford

GLOSSARY OF NAMES, WORDS FROM THE BOOK

• Adel, Son of Friso and husband of Ifkja.
• Adela, The un-elected Earth Mother, the Maiden of Liudgaard, whom the people wanted to elect after the murder of Frana in 589 BC. Instead, she resigned to marry Apol, became matriarch, to what was to become the Oera Linda family, and advised the copying of the citadel records that led to the Oera Linda Book.
• Adelbond, A mutual defense and attack agreement among surviving citadels made by Apol against the Magy.
• Adelbrost, Son of Adela who briefly continued the Book after his mothers death until his own murder.
• Aldland, The old land, Atland or home country.
• aldermen The older men of a burgt who made the laws of their district by popular assembly. They did not become law until approved by the burgtmaid.
• Alexander, King of Macedonia who becomes a historically verifiable figure in the Book. He purchased the fleet of the Geertmen in India and was responsible for their return to the Mediterranean.
• Alkmarum, A settlement with an island in a lake where black rowers were kept while waiting for the ships.
• Allemannen, A name exiled Germans gave themselves when they were without women.
• Almanland, A fortified trading town, not a city but an important free-market port for ships of all nations.
• Alrik, King Askars nephew who tried to unite the German tribes under his Uncles patronage but was thwarted by the independent Franks.
• Alvader, A term probably introduced in Christian times meaning Our Father and referring to Wr-Alda or God.
• Angelaren, Angles or Engles. A people of Fryas land who made their living as rod fishermen or anglers.
• Antigonus, The general of Alexander who took over Greece after his death. Father of Demetrius.
• Apol, Husband of Adela. A sea-king who became Grevetman of Ostflyland and Lindaoord.
• Apol, (son) Younger son of Adela who founded the citadel of Lindasburgt in Norway in order to avenge his parents murder against the followers of the Magi. He formed the Adelbond agreement for this purpose.
• Apollonia, Daughter of Adela, Burgtmaid of Liudgaard and important compiler of the "Book of Adelas Followers".
• Athens, The "City of Friends", named by Minerva when she left Crete to found a new citadel.
• Atlantic, The ocean where ships of the "old land" (Atland) sailed.
• Asegaboek, A city or districts code of laws and moral conducts.
• Askar, Originally the asker or inquirer of property, a government post most likely related to taxation or defense levy. It became a royal title and name of the first hereditary king at the end of the age. See Black Adel.
• Atharik, The name meaning rich in friends given to Adel, the son of Friso who succeeded his father as chief count in the first step to royal succession.
• Athenia, The district around Athens, "the city of friends", Attica.
• Atland, Same as Aldland but a shortened version used by the seamen.
• Beeden, One of the last contributors to the Book. A grandson of Frethorik, he was required to acknowledge Adel III as overlord before succeeding his uncle as count.
• Berthold, The father of Ifkja, wife of Frisos son Adel.
• Black Adel, King Askar who was the fourth king after Friso. He appealed to military prowess by censuring the learning of writing as unworthy of a soldier when lands had to be restored from the enemy.
• Brokmen, A term used by Frethorik to deplore the commercialism rampart at the end of the age.
• Burgtmaid, Burgtmaagd, or local Mother of a citadel. Head of the maidens or virgins and eligible for election to Earth Mother.
• Burgtmaster, A mayor of a town.
• Cecrops, An Egyptian priest-commander who laid siege to Athens and negotiated the safe evacuation of the Geertmen.
• Count, Originally a public office that counted the market sales on which taxes were levied. It become associated with the public levy or call to arms in time of defense and then the chief count, an elected position led on to hereditary kingship when combined with that of Askar.
• Coward, A youth who had to stay home and tend the cows because he was unfit for service with the sea-kings.
• Dela, Dela Hellenia was a prophet who may have added her later contribution in Christian times.
• Demetrius, Son of Antigonus whose depravity caused the sailors to coin the word demented (without mind).
• Druids, The name meaning "liars", given to missionary priests from Sidon by Frisians because they claimed to speak the truth. (See Golen and Triuwenden).
• Earth Mother, Eeremoeder, or Earth Mother, the chief of state elected from the Burgtmaiden who served as the defender of Fryas laws for the protection of the combined states. Resolutions passed by the combined assemblies of the aldermen had to be approved by her before they became law. She could call a general levy of the military forces. She resided at Texland in the largest citadel of them all.
• Evin, A sacred name related to Eve, not even to be spoken in ancient times.
• Fasta, Festa, Vesta. The first Earth Mother, appointed by Frya after the loss of Atland. She received and codified Fryas Tex and built the first citadel at Texland. She became the goddess Hestia or Vesta and gave her name to the Vestal Virgins in later millennia.
• Finda, The second goddess created by Wr-Alda who mothered the yellow race. Her children ultimately conquered all of Europe and interbred with Fryas and Lydas descendants to form the present population mixture. They were the persistent foe of the Free peoples.
• Forest, The woods where the foe (Findas people) rested at night.
• Flyburgt, The city at Flymeer or the mouth of the Fly river.
• Flyland, The district around the Fly river (modern Vlie) which may have been the northern branch of the Rhine.
• Forana, A great citadel and trading port of the low lands.
• Frana, The Earth Mother who was murdered by the Magy after a marine invasion of Texland.
• Franken, Franks or Frijen. A German tribe which preferred to remain independent of King Askar and invaded Gaul in the third century BC. Named after their first hereditary king.
• Frethogunsta, The daughter of the king of Hals who married Askar. She brought idolatry into the royal family.
• Frethorik, A grandson of Adela and important contributor to the Book. He was elected Askar in his time and told us the story of the recovery after the disasters of 305 BC.
• Friesland, The name for the lands of the descendants of Frya, originally all of Europe but finally just a coastal area of Holland.
• Frigg, The later day Scandinavian name for their understanding of the goddess Frya.
• Frijen, An early name for Franken used when they had elected kings.
• Friso, A Frisian who traveled to India and helped Alexander of Macedonia bring back to the Mediterranean the Indus fleet. He served Antigonus and Demetrius before bringing the Geertmen to the Rhine in the time of Gosa. He wanted to be permanent king and his descendants succeeded eventually in doing this.
• Frya, The third goddess created by Wr-Alda and mother of the white race. She gave her sacred `Tex to Fasta, the first Earth Mother, thereby inventing phonetic writing. Her name gave us "freedom" and "friend" but was much misunderstood by the succeeding Finda peoples who had many names for her in their attempt to incorporate her into their pantheon.
• Fryasburgt, The federal capital city at Texland.
• Gedrosten, Runaways from India who settled in Afghanistan. So named by the Hindu priests.
• Geert, The Mother or Burgtmaid of Athens who succeeded Minerva. She and her followers escaped to India after the siege of Athens about 1560 BC.
• Geertmen, The descendants of the followers of Geert, even fifteen hundred years after her time.
• Geertmania, The name the Geertmen gave to their new home on the Rhine. Named after their land in the Punjab.
• Godfried, A sea-king circa 2000 BC known as the `Old who is credited with adding a decimal number system to writing.
• Golen, Missionary priests from Sidon who celebrated cruel festivals. They were much hated by Frisians who called them Druids. They gave their name to Gaul.
• Gosa, Gosa Makonta was the last elected Earth Mother, 323 BC. Her citadel survived the "second bad times".
• Greva, The elders. Age was held in respect and incorporated into government.
• Grevetman, A high civic office like a local governor. Originally a hearer of grievances.
• Hachgana, Son of Wiljo, father of Beeden, a late contributor to the Book.
• Heerman, Forerunner of the position "duke" when it was an elective office, a circuit judge.
• Helgoland, A tiny island off the North Frisian Islands that was known to be much larger in historical times. Could have originally been part of Atland.
• Hellenia, A shortened name for Nyhellenia Minerva. Not to be confused with Dela Hellenia. (See Minerva).
• Hellicht, An Earth Mother who predicted that Fryas customs would never take firm hold in Athens.
• Hellingers, The original seamen name for the Greeks, meaning cliff hangers.
• Hiddo, Hiddo Over de Linda wrote the opening lines of the Book in 1256 AD.
• Hyperboria, A far land beyond the north wind.
• Ifkja, Wife of Adel, the son of Friso who tried to unite the country in the final good times.
• Inka, A nephew of Sterik and cousin of Wodin and Teunis. He took half the renegade fleet and sailed into the Atlantic, never to be heard from again.
• Irtha, Mother Earth, Gaea, Gaia.
• Jon, Jon, John, Jhon meaning "given". A sea-king who became a pirate against the Phoenicians and based in the Ionian island named after him. Rosamond issued a warrant against him for destroying Kaltas citadel.
• Joniers, The descendant of the followers of Jon or Ionians known for their seamanship.
• Jonischen, Ionian, Jons Islands or the Pirate Islands. The reference at the time of Ulysses.
• Jutlanders, Jutmen, originally meaning those who trade in amber (jutten). They were from the Baltic but migrated to Denmark after the "second bad times".
• Jule, A wheel meaning a day or a year. The cycle of the sun.
• Jule-time, Jule-tide, the shortest day of the year, eventually celebrated as Christmas.
• Julefest, The festival associated with Jule-tide.
• Kaat, Original name of Kalip or Calypso, the Burgtmaid of Walhallagara who entertained Ulysses.
• Kadhemers, The inhabitants of the north part of Crete who never went to sea. A dweller near the coast. A Phoenician.
• Kadmus, A legendary Phoenician who is traditionally credited with bring the alphabet to Greece.
• Kadik, Modern Cadiz in Spain.
• Kalip, (see Kaat)
• Kalta, A name given to the Burgtmaid Sijred of Flyburgt by the sailors because of her devious ways. Her followers became known as Kelts or Celts. After loosing the election, she rebelled against the new Earth Mother and set up a rival state, with the help of the magi, that included Gaul and Britain. Kaltasburgh Kerenak, the new citadel of Kalta which was probably in Scotland.
• Katerine, Kat, the Burgtmaid of Godasburgt in Norway who after being overrun by the Magy chose death to disgrace and gave her name to the Kattegat or strait where she drowned.
• Keeren Herne, Kerenak or Chosen Corner. (See Kaltasburgh).
• Kerenak, (See Keeren Herne)
• King, An elected leader or general for a campaign. Sons were not allowed to succeed fathers as king.
• Konered, Son of Frethorik and Wiljo, who contributed to the Book after their deaths.
• Kreta, Crete, the land of criers because they shouted at foreign ships that came too close.
• Kroder, The hand or spoke that goes around the Jule or circle. These symbols were used to form the first phonetic alphabet.
• Letlanders, People from the Baltic or the bad sea.
• Letten, Isolated islanders so named because they are let alone.
• Liko, Liko Over de Linden wrote the second letter in the Book that was copied from the 803 AD original.
• Linda, Meaning lime trees or plane trees, this term has given rise to many family and place names including the authors of the Book. Originally it was a distinction or reward for service, to be able to build ones house in the location that was "over the lime trees".
• Lithauers, A name given to a German tribe which always attacked the face of their enemies. It means "face hewers".
• Liudgaard, A citadel that gave rise to many names beginning with "Liud". It was located at the mouth of the Rhine and was inundated by the sea in 305 BC.
• Liudgert, The admiral of Wichhirt who settled in Walhallagara and was elected king after Wichhirt. He described the Punjab in his writings.
• Libya, From Lyda, or Africa as it was known to the Mediterranean.
• Lyda, The first Goddess, created by Wr-Alda, who was the mother of the black race. Little is known of her except her strong passion. Her descendants were often employed as rowers in the great fleets but never as slaves. Many ultimately married into Europe.
• Lydasburgt, A town on the Rhine were the black rowers were kept waiting for the fleet to leave again.
• Magy, The title of the priest-king of the Finns and Magyars in much the same way as Pharaoh was used by the Hebrew bible.
• magi The various priest-kings of Findas people who ruled with fear and magic. A chief Druid.
• Makonta, Surname of Gosa, the last Earth Mother.
• Marsaten, The lake dwellers of Switzerland. They were considered poor members of Friesland.
• Medesblik, An important citadel that dates from the time of the first Earth Mother.
• Minerva, Pallas Athena in Greek. Hellene or Nyhellenia Minerva, the Rhine maiden who was brought to Crete and Athens by the sea-kingJon and founded a citadel there.
• Minno, King Minos, an ancient sea-king, who gave laws to Crete and eventually returned to the Rhine where he left his contributions to the Book on the walls of Walhallagara from where they were copied a thousand years later.
• Missellia, The island that became Marseilles. It was mistakenly sold to the Golen of Sidon hence the name "miss sale". It eventually became the first city of the Gaul in southern France.
• Navigator, Originally meant a seaman. Someone who made foreign voyages.
• Nearchus, The admiral of Alexander who was in charge of the expeditions using the fleet of the Geertmen.
• Neef, Nephew or cousin.
• Nyhellenia, (see Minerva)
• Pallas Athena, Greek goddess of wisdom, Minerva.
• Phonisia, Palmland, or Phoenicia. The land of the Golen at Sidon.
• Prontlik, A latter-day burgtmaid of Texland who escaped the ambitions of King Askar by hiding in a neighboring forest with her maidens. The last Mother of the most ancient citadel.
• Puniers, Phoenicians or Carthaginians. A mixture of Finns, Frisians and Blacks. They were the same people who settled Gaul under their Golen or priests. Those ones became known as Celts while the south Mediterranean peoples were the traditional enemies of Rome.
• Reintja, The last Burgtmaid of Stavia who made a deal with King Askar to rebuild her citadel in return for rallying the districts to support him. He reneged on the deal.
• Rika, The old Maiden who tried to oppose the ambitions of Frisos successors to form hereditary kingships and desert the old ways.
• Rome, This city is traditionally believed to be named after its founder Romulus but the Frisians say the word means spacious and was founded by Trojans.
• Saxmen, Inhabitants of the north bank of the Rhine. Originally a term for ax-men or foresters because they were always armed against the wild beasts. In the forth century BC it appears as a German tribe.
• Schoonland, Ancient name for Scandinavia not including Denmark.
• Scythian, The horsemen of the Slavonic regions that were originally considered part of Fryas race and culture before the first disasters. There have been many archaeological discoveries of these tall, fair people in the Caucasus regions.
• Sea-king, The elected leader for the expedition of a merchant fleet. The huge fleets commanded respect and fair trade because of their armed might. He was above the admiral and chief merchant.
• Sijred, (see Kalta)
• Skrivfilt, The ancient name for paper or parchment of linen base and an important commercial product.
• Sterik, An old sea-king who had three nephews named Wotan, Teunis and Inka. Stuurlieden Inhabitants near Denmark who made their living in small boats. The name came to mean navigator in the modern sense.
• Teunis, Neef Teunis or Neptune of later traditions. He gave his name to Tunisia, founded Tyre and was acclaimed to be the first king of the Phoenicians by the Golan of Sidon.
• Teuntia, The Burgtmaid of Medesblik who was recommended by Gosa Makonta to succeed her. There was no conclusive election.
• Texel, A tiny island in Holland; all that remains of Texland and the city of Fryasburgt.
• Texland, The original province of Fryas land where the first citadel and seat of the Earth Mother was built for Fasta.
• Thyr, Thor. One of the idols of the Finns whose name was given to Tyre by Teunis and his followers who became the Phoenicians. In Finland, the son of Odin.
• Thyriers, Early Phoenicians.
• Triuwenden, "Abstainers from the truth", a word that became Druids.
• Troost, A burgtmaid of Stavia.
• Tuntia, A burgtmaid of Cadiz.
• Twiskar, A resident of Twiskland or Germany.
• Ulysses, A sea-king who visited from the Mediterranean who visited Kalip after failing to get a sacred lamp from the Earth Mother. His exploits inspired the original Odyssey.
• Urgetten, The "Forgotten" or residents west of the Punjab.
• Walhalla, Where the valiant soldiers go after an honorable death.
• Walhallagara, Minervas Rhineland citadel in 1600 BC and later that of Kaat (Calypso).
• Waraburgt, An international trading center, not a maidens city.
• Wichhirt, The leader of the Geertmen at the time of Alexander. He returned with his people to settle in the Emude and contributed much of the Indian section to the Book.
• Wiljo, Wife of Frethorik who continued the Book after him.
• Witkoning, A sea-king.
• Wodin, Senior cousin and commander of Neef Teunis and Neef Inka who disgraced the northern campaign by marrying the daughter of the Magy who kept him drugged as a puppet king and then deified him. He became known as Odin.
• Wr-Alda, God. Neither male nor female, the oldest concept of monotheism meaning "all that is", the "Oldest One".
• Yren, People west of the Punjab, the Iranians, meaning "morose" but named by Hindu priests from whom they wanted to escape.
• Zeecampers, A Frisian people named because they made their living on the seashore.
• Zoethart, A sailors sweetheart or lively heart.

FROM GODDESS TO KING

A History of Ancient Europe from the

OERA LINDA BOOK

By Anthony Radford

CHAPTER 24

MESSAGE FOR OUR TIME

Thepast may be forgotten, but it never dies in our hearts; it continues to haunt us as though we lived it ourselves. At this time there is need for a true connection with the past, not to reactivate imaginary concepts or even introduce captivating memories but to use that strength, real or imaginary, in living our own age. This is a unique age, which has never happened before. Let us choose the best way to live it by heeding the wisdom and examples of the best of our global heritage rather than the commercial expediency of the moment.

We have learned how the Matriarchal Age was nothing to be feared by men, and we know today that a new matriarchal age is upon us in which both men and women are gaining in freedom and in expression. With cooperation comes a sense of true participation in the age without incurring the guilt of domination and privilege. The task is to implement it with both heart and brain. To react to two thousand years of injustice (much more in the East) with overcompensation will no longer work; we can instead make the choice for synthesis right now. Rage over the injustice, cry over the hurts, claim your power, but show the wisdom of Sophia in your choice of action. The "other cheek" is not the complimentary one but rather a new way of seeing things; a healing perspective, and only through such a choice can all of us move into a new age.

We now talk about the "year of the women" as we watch a thirty-minute sitcom. Are our attention span and expectations so instant? Why do we not have a planned economy? Our government changes tax laws every year, some that were designed to serve lifetime investments and other industrial investments that take many years to plan, permit and build. In our ignorance we credit a new administration for some economic trend reported just weeks into that "age". What attention is given to ethical standards in our schools? These ideas are often proposed but our system does not know how to use our better-qualified individuals. It gives momentary credits instead of consideration to what is really important.

If the Aquarian Age is the beginning of a new matriarchal age, then what are the signs, what are the differences? The first difference from the old Matriarchal Age is that it is a world wide phenomenon with beginnings mostly in California and elsewhere only in isolated places within thirty miles of the ocean; but with the communications of today it is possible to reach the world very quickly. It is not a racial issue but one of the brotherhood-sisterhood; of men-women. The English language may have to change to accommodate this but not all languages have this problem. In some Oriental languages they do not use a pronoun for the word God. To say "He" or "It" would be in bad taste so they simply repeat the noun.

The Oera Linda Book mentions the Asegaboek, which apparently meant a code of behavior or a personal belief system. We have our sacred texts and also many works on ethics and morality, few of which have had much universal appeal or have lasted into a second generation. Today, and perhaps always in our conscience, we make individual choices from the sum of our personal experience and social indoctrination. We cannot make better ones until we have lived longer and more wisely so the awesome importance of how we bring up and educate our children is obvious. We have moved from too much narrow instruction to too little fitting personal example. Narrow instruction has fostered separation among nations and races; and a competitive status called nationalism, a primitive emotion born of fear, or racism and the use of money as a measure of success. All this is learned behavior and while it may have served our grandparents who needed to break away from blind adherence to the bibles of the past, it also created a "lost" generation without standards beyond that of selfish interest. As neither generation satisfies us today, there is much searching throughout the world for a better way.

There is a crisis in our time that is reflected by the life in our inner cities. There is so much work to be done; but the system, the well meaning public agencies, have strangled themselves in distrust and inefficiency. Too often the help comes in the form of a check that costs ten to twenty times the face value to issue and involves months of paperwork. Where is the personal caring, the trust in our own officers? Some of us have the opportunity to be involved with fellow human beings at a personal level, but it will also require more intelligent legislation to make a difference.

Are there lessons from which we can learn in the Oera Linda Book? It is neither desirable nor practical to try to go back to a simpler time although many have attempted just that with brief episodes of community living. It doesnt work today. We are much more complicated but this complication must be carefully examined or we could be vulnerable to natural forces beyond our control. One gets the impression of Puritanical attitudes when reading the moral obligations mentioned in the Book and surely that will remind us how futile it is to try to maintain such an attitude or to impose it on our children without incurring their resentment. But there was music and dance, as in the "Book of Songs" (one of the lost books) and it was mentioned that singing was prescribed as part of the education for girls. Perhaps this was the birth of the tradition that would be adopted by the Christian convents to come. It is highly probable that the seamen sang as they rowed through the calms; after all Homer tells us much about the enjoyment of music.

Another lesson concerns the enduring concept of "east is east and west is west." At no other time is this more important to overthrow than today. Our Frisian forefathers initially tried isolation or separation while educating foreign rowers in the ways of freedom, but intermarriage happened often out of necessity, rather than by choice; for disasters and wars uprooted peoples and cast them together. It was not just the races that mixed, it was the ideas they tried so hard to keep out. This kind of "protectionism" is something that cannot work, as only by experiencing the new and alien and then making a free choice, can we value any code and adapt it for ourselves. For example, how well does the average American understand the average Japanese despite fifty years of intense interaction? Do we try harder to have them learn our ways or do we make an effort to truly understand and appreciate their culture?

The teachings of Frya probably set the standard for what is now known as Western values, but for all the strength of its principlesthe most valuable being the concepts of democracy and personal freedomthere is a price to pay. All the constructs of the mind limit us in some way, and for both the East and the West, this is strongest in the concepts of sexual dichotomy, but they manifest in different ways. In the West, small boys may be seen holding hands but rarely does this carry on into adulthood without incurring some social stigma. We can hold hands with the opposite sex as if we were children, but in the East this is limited by their protective attitude toward women. Look around any restaurant where lunch is being served. Women meet their women friends, but men meet their male friends less frequently and feel the need to carry a briefcase or notebook with them, however men meet women all the time. Things are changing; it is now all right for Western man to cry, to show emotions, without being considered weak. It has been acceptable in the past such as in the days of Alexander and also in the Elizabethan Age, which extended to Horatio Nelson. Wellington however, did not approve of this aspect of his contemporary. That passions can be felt and even expressed without becoming destructive is once again considered acceptable, even healthy behavior. At long last we are relinquishing the repressive legacy of our Puritanical forefathers.

These differences between eastern and western thought may have had their beginnings here, where since Francis Bacons day an ectoscopic view of the world has fostered studies with sensory and practical applications, such as botany, navigation, astronomy, physics etc. A looking-without, involving community service and social responsibility was developed in contrast to the Eastern endoscopic or inward view of discovering the universe within oneself. The East has developed a strong reliance on the family with little expectations from the state; not surprising for countries with little tradition of democratic principles. Eastern discoveries in psychology, health, and the relationship of man to the cosmos are now beginning to find acceptance in the West, even respect, as our understanding grows. We are learning how these humanistic sciences cannot be taken separately, how they must properly inter-relate for holistic well being; a fact long known in the East.

We are shown that there is a third force, a valuable contribution to our passion, art and prowess; the force of Lyda, of Africa. Without Africa, no one would have a curl in her hair or a freckle on his arm. Along with East and West we must integrate the South as well or there cannot be a new age. Ages have been defined by gender only in the West while in India, definitions follow a different time scale and pertain to earthly obstacles, to the progression of mans soul, not to the evolution of worldly civilizations. At the present time, the Kali Yuga, or the most base of the ages, has been enjoyed for twice as long as an age in the West; since 3100 BC. It is due to end with the destruction of the Earth in the year 430,000 AD but another philosophy says it is now changing into the new Shakti Yuga, the female or mother aspect of God. But what ages are defined in the South? The South gave its blood to the Hamitic races, to the Dravidian and to the islands of the Pacific by mixing with the yellow and the white or so it can be speculated in a science so little studied until recently. There is now a program that is mapping mans migrations by correlating the DNA of various regions. A previous study tried listing blood groups but failed to come to any definitive conclusions except for some dietary restrictions based on climate and region. All this in addition to endowments to Europe, and for two hundred or so years their blood has been mixing in free America. Perhaps it is time to recognize blending and celebrate this, not dwell on either origins or encomiums.

Well meaning idealists have founded orders, even controlled nations but inevitably someone gets hurt, or imposed upon, because their ideas are different. In fighting the devil too often they become the devil. It is hard to tell the difference between ones conscience (the voice of a higher consciousness) and the ego constructs however noble we may think they are, and also keep our spontaneity. To do this requires checking the results of our actions before adversely affecting another, but maybe the only way to make a difference is by personal example as opposed to trying to fix others.

The Book describes few occult practices other than the tending of the sacred lamps but does suggest that they held several superstitious beliefs and studied the stars from the citadel towers. On the whole they were community minded, held high principles and believed in a monotheistic deity. Traditional religions currently in sway have some of these elements too; however they also have a lot more magic and ritual, so it can be assumed that they were derived from the practices of the magi and their counterparts in many cultures. Rituals have the power to re-create historic events by generating the corresponding feelings yet, too often, these events control through fear rather than provide inspiration. Many searchers of the present time feel a need to personalize their rituals, giving them a meaning not derived from ancient sources or from organized intermediaries.

The last contributors to the Book decried the loss of their traditional values much like today as we rapidly change, lose our standards and experiment with new possibilities. Crime and illiteracy rates rise, cults seek the security of their own kind and the young see no examples to trust from the establishment. Topping this we have doomsday predictions perhaps because disasters have happened before. A decline and fall of order over a period of hundreds of years followed the last one described in Europe until the feudal age imprisoned everyone. It neednt happen again.

Western history is written with a traditional mind-set that can be seen by opening to the beginning chapters of any comprehensive history. The well known historian, Will Durant, in his exhaustive "The Story of Civilization" begins with a volume on "Our Oriental Heritage" that is followed by "The Life of Greece" which gives little recognition to the ancestors of the Europeans themselves in whose language he wrote. This predilection may be impossible to break.

Our society is derived from, and tries to emulate in imperceptible ways, a bi-level consciousness (master-servant, rich-poor, in-out, have-have not) no doubt derived from personal power struggles of the last two or three millennia. We even encourage it by the adulation of the rich and privileged. Whenever a society is stratified to the extent of cutting off a segment of the population from the privileges and benefits enjoyed by the mainstream then a disregard for the established rules and lawlessness will grow. Eventually, corruption will be exposed at the top of a society that will no longer be shocked. This process has never been rapid but it is now occurring much more quickly than ever before in history. It is theoretically possible to address the discrepancies but that is not what usually happens. Society is itself replaced, and after a dark age, a better society perhaps, but at what a price!

A final message on the gender wars of this time. When one comes in contact with the enormous power of the Creative Force of the universe it is definitely masculine. This means all of us are the feminine aspect of God, and such an aspect is recognized in Indian tantric-kundalini teachings, where the heat that rises up the spine is referred to as feminine energy for men and women. Perhaps some of the early Christian saints and scholars knew this when they edited the Bible but it is more likely that emphasis on the Father-God reflected the particular power structure of that early institution. Such information, however, is very subjective and cannot be proved by quoting examples; each of us has to have his own experience.

Europe has for too long borrowed its history from the Near East. There is a proud heritage from the West, of law, monotheism, and individual rights with social obligations, with moral codes and of democracy inclusive of women. We have enjoyed writing and number systems, iron, even steel, paper and shipping. In addition there has been an adventurous tradition of exploration and discovery from days long before the Old Testament was written. The wonders of Atlantis that we have been unable to dismiss, are parts of that heritage. Twenty thousand books have been written on that subject so let us recognize the truth behind these legends that cannot die.

The message the Oera Linda Book brings to us can be derived from the lessons it did not teach. That we are at a new beginning, where to go back to an imagined good time or overreact to the injustices of the past age, would be an error that could take another age to correct. The lesson is one of inclusion and cooperation, not separation; it is of forgiveness and understanding, not revenge. East must meet West, and male must meet female in true equality and sharing, not a false equality where differences are not celebrated. In this way we can elicit the god in woman and the goddess in man in appropriate manifestation and expression, as well as promote a peace, which includes all parts of our globe.

THE END

FROM GODDESS TO KING

A History of Ancient Europe from the

OERA LINDA BOOK

By Anthony Radford

CHAPTER 23

THE ATLANTIS QUESTION

Thestory of Atlantis began in the Western mind with the modern translations of Plato, actually just the "Timaeus" and the "Critias". It has captured the imagination particularly since Ignatius Donnelly published his work "Atlantis: The Antediluvian World" in 1882. He was the same author that tried to prove that Francis Bacon was the real poet behind the works of Shakespeare.

Despite the fact that Plato is almost the sole source of this legend and the nearly total lack of hard facts from geology and archaeology to find Atlantis in the Atlantic Ocean, the popular concept persists. Briefly stated, it is that a large highly advanced civilization had once existed, somewhere out in the Atlantic. It had ended in a geological catastrophe by sinking beneath the waters some 11,000 years ago. Survivors of this race influenced embryonic civilizations across the world such as Egypt and in some cases founded new ones.

They were ruled by ten kings who chose an overlord from amongst themselves. They were religious, possibly in the mother goddess tradition and enjoyed all sorts of comforts brought to them by their superior seafaring traditions. Their increasingly wanton and depraved practices such as experimenting with changing men into animals eventually caused their downfall into the depths of the Atlantic much to the delight of the moralistic story tellers. "Where did this story come from." is a question more easily answered than why it has persisted.

Solon was known as the great lawgiver to Greece. About 595 BC, in his youth, he visited Egypt where he was told a tale by Egyptian priests concerning both their earliest history and the founding of his own Attica, the district of Athens, nine thousand years earlier, by descendants of a noble race who lived long before. Those early Greeks had successfully defended the whole Mediterranean area from a warlike power that came from the Atlantic Sea who tried to conquer and enslave them. Subsequently to this war, there were great earthquakes and deluges that shook and buried the island of the Atlanteans in a day and a night. Those disturbances were felt throughout the Mediterranean.

About two hundred years later Plato incorporates this tale in his "Timaeus", a dialogue between Socrates, Timaeus, a scientist, Critias, an historian, and a general named Hermocrates in which the story of Atlantis is told. Some years later, he continues it in his "Critias"

In his description of Atlantis, Plato has developed the story with the popular conceptions of Atlanteans of his time. They were the legends of Hyperboria, the land beyond the north winds, with its moated citadels, earth mothers, and sea-kings. Both Homer and Hesiod refer to lands somewhere far to the west such as the Garden of the Hesperides with its golden apples, a paradise for the souls of departed heroes. Plato also combined the closer legends of the former Minoan civilization of Crete with its royal palaces, maritime wealth and mother goddesses. It is not possible to place Atlantis at any one place because of this fusion of sources which is not an uncommon practice in legends which have undergone many generations of verbal tradition before being written down.

Plato did something more. The size of Atlantis was too large to fit in the Mediterranean Sea, and the population too great, so he chose to believe a version of the story that placed it somewhere beyond the Pillars of Hercules. That was way out in the Atlantic that was by then known to be an ocean rather than just a sea, the traditional home of the sea-kings. There are also myths relating to interactions between Atlantians and Hyperboreans as though they were separate nations but whether they were very old or more recent in the time of Plato is not known.

The importance given to Platos writings on the subject is not supported by what is known of their origins. He wrote them in 355 BC when he was in his seventies. He wrote of a time when he would have been about six years old so could hardly have kept notes on any conversations with Socrates and the story itself is of a time nearly two hundred years previously about a conversation Solon was supposed to have had. The "Timaeus" was to have been a sequel to his "Republic" and is a fictional vehicle for the expounding of opposing philosophical ideas with Platos own position not disclosed. He does mention that Athena founded an Athenian empire, which ties in with our book. The only value that can be ascertained from this is a collection of ideas about their neighbors and the history that was believed by the Greeks at the time and not of any relevance to a factual Atlantis. It is interesting to note how a collection of maps is called an atlas. Early volumes showed a picture of the Titan, Atlas, supporting the world on his shoulders but then seafarers like the Atland sea-kings must have had their versions of an atlas.

In 1909, K. T. Frost suggested that from an Egyptian point of view, the disappearance of the Minoan sea-power gave a lot of support to the Atlantean legend if Crete had been their home. The more recent discoveries of archaeological evidence of the ancient eruption of Mt. Thera in the Santorini Islands has given cause to speculate that ancient Crete was Atlantis. Santorini now consists of a ring of five islands, the southernmost member of the Cyclades Islands in the Aegean, north of Crete. Mt. Thera is still the highest point but was once part of a larger main island. Excavations have revealed a maritime trading city-state of considerable wealth preserved under several feet of pumice before a much more violent explosion destroyed anything above that covering. It has been found that first came earthquakes followed by a recovery period that was interrupted by four or five feet of light pumice ash permitting the inhabitants to escape, possibly to Crete. No bodies have been found like at Pompeii. Another quake or else the collapsing of the crust to form a caldera, let the sea into the hot center of what is now a ring of islands. The resulting explosion estimated to be twice the magnitude of the well-documented Krakatoa one and many times that of Mt. St. Helens would have been heard throughout the Mediterranean. Finally, a deluge could have occurred even in dry Egypt because ash acts as nuclei for the formation of hail. In that event it has been estimated that ash rose up to eighteen miles into the atmosphere.

Marinatos in 1939 proposed the volcanic destruction of Crete at the time of the Thera eruption to satisfy the catastrophic ending of a Cretan Atlantis but people demanded a more watery demise. A. G. Galanopoulos believed that Plato had to consider an Atlantic home for Atlantis because the exaggerated dimensions were the result of a translation error in the Egyptian symbol for one hundred as opposed to that for one thousand. Large values in Solons writings should have been reduced by a factor of ten. This makes sense for a Cretan Atlantis as far as both age and size is concerned. Nine thousand years becomes nine hundred so that Attica would have been founded about 1500 BC then the war and subsequent catastrophes some time later. The destruction of the palace at Knossos on Crete has been determined by carbon-14 dating techniques to be 1559 BC 44 years. This is a more recent estimate than the previously published values of 1456 BC 43 years, which was in agreement with the archaeological dating of 1450 BC, but what if the charcoal samples tested, were from palace timbers that were themselves, hundreds of years old?

It is still necessary to combine the traditions of a wetter, more fertile climate to the story if Crete is to be the location of the legendary Atlantis. This speculation does fit the concepts of a maritime power, a great trading nation ruled by kings and having a matriarchal religious system. It lacks only the submergence contention unless there were myths of land being lost to the sea that were part of the popular understanding in the time of Plato and there is indeed the myth of the Deucalion deluge, possibly from the same phenomenon. In Greek myth, Deucalion, the son of Prometheus, and father of Helen, the ancestor of the Hellenic people, made a boat when Zeus decided to destroy all mankind by means of a flood. The boat landed at Mt. Parnassus where he and his wife, Pyrrha, recreated all men and women by throwing stones from the mountain. Modern geologists attribute that flood to the tsunami wave resulting from the Mt. Thera explosion.

Next we will consider how the stories in the Oera Linda Book relate to this tradition. We are told that the sea-king Jon took Minerva to Crete about 1620 BC, that they were in contact with the Greeks who were not independent but paying tribute to some stronger power. The Cretan government reads as though it was loosely governed, not by a powerful despot but by local lords without strong military support, but dependent upon popular belief in their superiority or value which was achieved by a combination of religious fear and a payola system called taxation. This could be an intermediate period between Minoan empires but is most likely the beginning of Late Minoan I-B, a less than splendid era. On some charts this is listed at about 1580 BC but has recently been moved back to possibly 1650 BC with another hundred years to the end of Knossos. It does not take a great natural disaster to end a strong era that is usually recognized by archaeologists as a high taxation, palace or monument building period. All it takes is a revolt followed by smaller autonomous units, perhaps even giving greater freedom to the common population for a period - if that is considered one measure of civilization, but not leaving much evidence.

There was piracy or wars at the time causing Minerva to choose to stay on the very poor country of Crete from where her fame spread to Attica, which they considered less developed. A delegation from Greece wanted her help in throwing off the foreign domination. This is why she moved to Attica to found a citadel she called Athens, the City of Friends and soon afterwards her followers built the two fortified arms to the sea that characterize Piraeus, the port of Athens. After her death, the people chose Geert as a new mother but the princes with the help of an Egyptian priest named Cecrops drove her away. This was a powerful period in Egyptian history, possibly during the reign of Tutmosis III because Egypt had considerable influence over the Phoenicians as well, whom they solicited to attack Piraeus, by sea. Perhaps this was the war that was told to Solon with nationalistic exaggeration.

The escaping Geertmen went through the Nile to the Red Sea and were immediately cut off from pursuit by an earthquake that closed access to that sea. That earthquake was certainly felt in Egypt but if it was the one at Thera or a precursor of that quake it would put the date to approximately 1555 BC instead of 1650. According to one record in the Book, another statement would put it thirty years later but in either case, it agrees well within the modern carbon-14 dating values. We are also told that the Geertmen witnessed new land being built in Persia on their journey to India, which they, much later, named New Geertmania in the time of Alexander. If that uplifting were related to the quake in Egypt then it must have been a very active period in geological history.

The war, the quake, the founding of old Athens, but not Attica has been recalled in the Book. The maritime prowess and stories of citadels with circular moats housing wise priestesses is also supporting evidence for Plato, and of course the name "Atlantis" is so close to "Atland" that it is undoubtedly a word known to ancient Greece and Egypt. The trading wealth, the sophistication of their society all fit, even the stories of giants in those days can be believed if one calls a seven foot woman with a seven foot sword a giant. Ulysses must have brought back quite a tale when he finally returned to the eastern Mediterranean.

According to classical mythology, the Giants were the fourth race of mankind before the Heroes. The first children of Heaven (Uranus) and Earth (Gaea) were three monsters with fifty heads and a hundred hands representing the violent forces of nature. Their father did not care much for them and imprisoned them in the earth hence the earthquakes and eruptions. This tale has striking similarities to many-headed gods depicted in Indian mythology. The next offspring were one-eyed, man-eating Cyclops followed by the more manlike Titans and then came the Giants. It is interesting to note that a ship with a standard compliment of twenty-five rowers per side has fifty heads and a hundred hands. The ornamental bowsprit would make it appear as a monster.

Some of the dates of the Oera Linda Book fit very well with what we know of the ancient Mediterranean, but others, particularly the Egyptian calendar, may need revising. However, as this calendar is used to date most other events in the history of the time, including the Minoan calendar of events, it will be very difficult to accomplish. Some have tried to relate the event of the Biblical Exodus to this time and to the Pharaoh Tutmoses III, suggesting that the explosion on Santorini influenced the strange events recorded in the Old Testament but that is another story. Others want an ancient Atlantis and talk about the three or more hundred feet that the last ice age lowered the sea as "evidence" enough but let us try to keep our feet on the ground. Even if, as a modern theory suggests, the Gulf Stream suddenly broke through the land barrier formed by the lower sea level of an ice age and started flowing under the ice cap, melting and flooding would still take thousands of years, not a day and a night.

Though we were born out of an ice age some ten thousand years ago who is to say we are the first? Our own individual memories and feelings do not convince anyone else not sharing them, so we continue to wait for both geological and archaeological evidence for the existence of an antediluvian Atlantis. It is the authors contention that the old Atlantis may never have existed according to the Plato concept but that both a northern Atland and a Cretan royal power contributed to the myths of Atlantis that Plato recorded as legend.

If this were so then Minnos adventures would have had to occur either centuries before Minerva and Jon or, more likely, just after during a period when Cretan royal power was at a minimum. It is also likely that the subsequent Mycenaean influence on Crete has been exaggerated or limited to part of the island and also that the foreign domination of Attica was not Cretan but from Asia Minor, even Egyptian. There is no dating of the writings of Minno, but he does make reference to Athens as an existing place, dating him to be either contemporary or after their time. It is possible his name was not related to "Minoan" or that he himself picked up his name from Crete.